\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 – \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cairo:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/font-awesome\/6.4.0\/css\/all.min.css\">\n <style>\n \/* \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 *\/\n \/* 1. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 (Cairo) *\/\n @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cairo:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\n\n \/* 2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646) *\/\n :root {\n \/* \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 *\/\n --bg-gradient-start: #312e81; \/* Indigo 900 *\/\n --bg-gradient-end: #581c87; \/* Purple 900 *\/\n \n \/* \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 *\/\n --text-primary: #f1f5f9; \/* Slate 100 *\/\n --text-secondary: #cbd5e1; \/* Slate 300 *\/\n --text-accent: #e9d5ff; \/* Purple 200 *\/\n \n \/* \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 *\/\n --card-bg: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.6); \/* Slate 800 (Transparent) *\/\n --card-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); \/* White alpha *\/\n --header-gradient: linear-gradient(to right, #312e81, #581c87);\n \n \/* \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 (\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637) *\/\n --accent-purple: #a855f7;\n --accent-blue: #3b82f6;\n --accent-green: #22c55e;\n --accent-yellow: #eab308;\n --accent-red: #ef4444;\n }\n\n \/* 3. \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 *\/\n body {\n font-family: 'Cairo', sans-serif;\n background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, var(--bg-gradient-start), var(--bg-gradient-end));\n color: var(--text-primary);\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n line-height: 1.6;\n direction: rtl; \/* \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 *\/\n min-height: 100vh;\n }\n\n \/* 4. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 *\/\n .lesson-container {\n max-width: 900px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n padding: 24px;\n }\n\n \/* 5. \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Header) *\/\n .lesson-header {\n background: var(--header-gradient);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 16px;\n padding: 24px;\n text-align: center;\n margin-bottom: 32px;\n box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);\n }\n\n .lesson-title {\n font-size: 2.25rem; \/* 36px *\/\n font-weight: 800;\n margin: 0 0 8px 0;\n background: linear-gradient(to right, #bfdbfe, #e9d5ff);\n -webkit-background-clip: text;\n -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;\n }\n\n .lesson-subtitle {\n color: var(--text-accent);\n font-size: 1.125rem; \/* 18px *\/\n }\n\n \/* 6. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 (Sections) *\/\n .lesson-section {\n margin-bottom: 24px;\n border-top: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n padding-top: 24px;\n }\n\n .section-title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-size: 1.5rem; \/* 24px *\/\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #fff;\n margin-bottom: 16px;\n }\n\n .section-icon {\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n }\n\n \/* 7. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (Cards & Boxes) *\/\n .info-card {\n background-color: var(--card-bg);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 12px;\n padding: 20px;\n margin-bottom: 16px;\n }\n\n \/* \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 *\/\n .card-purple { border-right: 4px solid var(--accent-purple); }\n .card-blue { border-right: 4px solid var(--accent-blue); }\n .card-green { border-right: 4px solid var(--accent-green); }\n .card-red { border-right: 4px solid var(--accent-red); }\n\n .card-title {\n font-weight: 700;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n display: block;\n }\n\n .text-purple { color: #d8b4fe; }\n .text-blue { color: #93c5fd; }\n .text-green { color: #86efac; }\n .text-yellow { color: #fde047; }\n\n \/* 8. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 (Lists) *\/\n .lesson-list {\n list-style-type: disc;\n list-style-position: inside;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n font-size: 0.95rem;\n padding-right: 10px;\n }\n\n .lesson-list li {\n margin-bottom: 6px;\n }\n\n .lesson-list li::marker {\n color: var(--accent-purple);\n }\n\n \/* 9. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Code\/Formulas) *\/\n .formula-box {\n font-family: monospace;\n background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);\n padding: 8px 12px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n color: var(--accent-yellow);\n direction: ltr; \/* \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 *\/\n display: inline-block;\n margin: 4px 0;\n }\n\n \/* 10. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 (Tables) *\/\n .lesson-table-wrapper {\n overflow-x: auto;\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 8px;\n background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n }\n\n .lesson-table {\n width: 100%;\n text-align: right;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n font-size: 0.9rem;\n }\n\n .lesson-table thead {\n background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);\n color: #fff;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n font-size: 0.85rem;\n }\n\n .lesson-table th, .lesson-table td {\n padding: 12px 16px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n }\n\n .lesson-table tr:hover {\n background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);\n }\n\n \/* 11. \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 (Simulation Container) *\/\n .simulation-box {\n background-color: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.6); \/* Slate 900 *\/\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 16px;\n padding: 24px;\n margin: 24px 0;\n text-align: center;\n box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n }\n\n \/* \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 (Scrollbar) *\/\n ::-webkit-scrollbar {\n width: 8px;\n }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\n background: #1e1b4b;\n }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n background: #4f46e5;\n border-radius: 4px;\n }\n \n \/* \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 *\/\n button {\n cursor: pointer;\n font-family: 'Cairo', sans-serif;\n }\n \n input[type=\"range\"] {\n cursor: pointer;\n }\n \n .simulation-controls {\n margin-top: 15px;\n }\n \n .canvas-container {\n display: flex;\n justify-content: center;\n margin: 15px 0;\n }\n \n .simulation-canvas {\n border-radius: 8px;\n background-color: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.8);\n }\n \n .flex {\n display: flex;\n }\n \n .grid {\n display: grid;\n }\n \n .gap-2 { gap: 0.5rem; }\n .gap-3 { gap: 0.75rem; }\n .gap-4 { gap: 1rem; }\n .gap-6 { gap: 1.5rem; }\n \n .justify-center { justify-content: center; }\n .justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }\n .items-center { align-items: center; }\n \n .w-full { width: 100%; }\n .max-w-md { max-width: 28rem; }\n .max-w-sm { max-width: 24rem; }\n .max-w-lg { max-width: 32rem; }\n \n .mx-auto { margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; }\n .mt-1 { margin-top: 0.25rem; }\n .mt-2 { margin-top: 0.5rem; }\n .mt-3 { margin-top: 0.75rem; }\n .mt-4 { margin-top: 1rem; }\n .mt-6 { margin-top: 1.5rem; }\n .mb-1 { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }\n .mb-2 { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }\n .mb-3 { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }\n .mb-4 { margin-bottom: 1rem; }\n .mb-8 { margin-bottom: 2rem; }\n .my-8 { margin-top: 2rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; }\n \n .p-1 { padding: 0.25rem; }\n .p-2 { padding: 0.5rem; }\n .p-3 { padding: 0.75rem; }\n .p-4 { padding: 1rem; }\n .p-6 { padding: 1.5rem; }\n \n .rounded { border-radius: 0.25rem; }\n .rounded-md { border-radius: 0.375rem; }\n .rounded-lg { border-radius: 0.5rem; }\n .rounded-full { border-radius: 9999px; }\n \n .bg-slate-700 { background-color: #334155; }\n .bg-slate-700\\\/50 { background-color: rgba(51, 65, 85, 0.5); }\n .bg-slate-800 { background-color: #1e293b; }\n .bg-slate-800\\\/30 { background-color: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.3); }\n .bg-slate-800\\\/40 { background-color: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.4); }\n .bg-slate-800\\\/50 { background-color: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.5); }\n .bg-slate-900 { background-color: #0f172a; }\n \n .bg-black\\\/20 { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); }\n .bg-black\\\/40 { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); }\n .bg-white\\\/5 { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); }\n .bg-white\\\/10 { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); }\n \n .bg-purple-600 { background-color: #7c3aed; }\n .bg-teal-600 { background-color: #0d9488; }\n \n .border { border-width: 1px; }\n .border-2 { border-width: 2px; }\n .border-t { border-top-width: 1px; }\n .border-l-4 { border-left-width: 4px; }\n .border-r-4 { border-right-width: 4px; }\n .border-white\\\/10 { border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); }\n .border-slate-600 { border-color: #475569; }\n .border-slate-700 { border-color: #334155; }\n .border-yellow-400 { border-color: #facc15; }\n .border-blue-500 { border-color: #3b82f6; }\n .border-green-500 { border-color: #22c55e; }\n .border-indigo-500\\\/30 { border-color: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.3); }\n \n .text-center { text-align: center; }\n .text-sm { font-size: 0.875rem; }\n .text-base { font-size: 1rem; }\n .text-lg { font-size: 1.125rem; }\n .text-xl { font-size: 1.25rem; }\n .text-2xl { font-size: 1.5rem; }\n .text-3xl { font-size: 1.875rem; }\n \n .text-white { color: #ffffff; }\n .text-white\\\/90 { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); }\n .text-slate-300 { color: #cbd5e1; }\n .text-slate-400 { color: #94a3b8; }\n .text-slate-500 { color: #64748b; }\n .text-slate-200 { color: #e2e8f0; }\n .text-purple-300 { color: #d8b4fe; }\n .text-purple-400 { color: #c084fc; }\n .text-blue-300 { color: #93c5fd; }\n .text-green-400 { color: #4ade80; }\n .text-yellow-300 { color: #fde047; }\n .text-yellow-200 { color: #fef08a; }\n .text-red-400 { color: #f87171; }\n .text-teal-300 { color: #5eead4; }\n .text-indigo-300 { color: #a5b4fc; }\n \n .font-bold { font-weight: 700; }\n .font-semibold { font-weight: 600; }\n .font-mono { font-family: monospace; }\n \n .transition-colors { transition-property: color, background-color, border-color; transition-duration: 150ms; }\n .transition-all { transition-property: all; transition-duration: 150ms; }\n \n .grid-cols-1 { grid-template-columns: repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n .grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n .md\\:grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n .md\\:grid-cols-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n \n .flex-col { flex-direction: column; }\n .md\\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }\n \n .space-y-1 > * + * { margin-top: 0.25rem; }\n .space-y-2 > * + * { margin-top: 0.5rem; }\n .space-y-3 > * + * { margin-top: 0.75rem; }\n .space-y-4 > * + * { margin-top: 1rem; }\n .space-y-6 > * + * { margin-top: 1.5rem; }\n \n .leading-relaxed { line-height: 1.625; }\n \n .appearance-none { appearance: none; }\n \n .accent-purple-400 { accent-color: #c084fc; }\n .accent-teal-400 { accent-color: #2dd4bf; }\n \n .hover\\:bg-slate-600:hover { background-color: #475569; }\n .hover\\:bg-slate-600\\\/50:hover { background-color: rgba(71, 85, 105, 0.5); }\n .hover\\:bg-white\\\/10:hover { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); }\n .hover\\:bg-purple-700:hover { background-color: #6d28d9; }\n \n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .md\\:grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n .md\\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"lesson-container\">\n <header class=\"lesson-header\">\n <h1 class=\"lesson-title\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/h1>\n <p class=\"lesson-subtitle\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Colligative Properties)<\/p>\n <\/header>\n \n <main dir=\"rtl\">\n <div class=\"space-y-6\">\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-flask-vial section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0661. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Colligative Properties)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg border border-slate-700\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 marker:text-purple-400 text-sm sm:text-base mt-2\">\n <li>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong class=\"text-white\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n <li>\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mt-4\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n <ol class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 marker:text-purple-400 text-sm sm:text-base mt-2\">\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-tachometer-alt section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a (Vapor Pressure Lowering)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/li>\n <li>\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631.<\/li>\n <li>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"mt-3 text-sm\"><strong class=\"text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"vapor-pressure-lowering-graph-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n <div id=\"vapor-pressure-lowering-graph\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-thermometer-three-quarters section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (Boiling Point Elevation)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li>\u064a\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n <li>\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mt-4 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n <div class=\"my-2 p-3 bg-black\/20 rounded font-mono text-yellow-300 text-center text-lg\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = K<sub>b<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i<\/div>\n <p class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm mt-1\">\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">\u0394T<sub>b<\/sub><\/code>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">K<sub>b<\/sub><\/code>: \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">m<\/code>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0648\u0644\/\u0643\u062c\u0645)<\/li>\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">i<\/code>: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641 (\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628)<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg mt-4\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632:<\/h3>\n <div class=\"space-y-2\">\n <div class=\"my-2 p-3 bg-black\/20 rounded font-mono text-yellow-300 text-center text-sm\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (mol) = \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (g) \/ \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (g\/mol)<\/div>\n <div class=\"my-2 p-3 bg-black\/20 rounded font-mono text-yellow-300 text-center text-sm\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a (m) = \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (mol) \/ \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 (kg)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg mt-4\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641 (i)<\/h3>\n <p class=\"text-sm text-slate-300 mb-3\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3\">\n <div class=\"bg-black\/20 p-3 rounded-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-semibold text-white mb-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0629 (Non-electrolytes)<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-xs text-slate-400 mb-2\">\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643.<\/p>\n <p class=\"font-mono text-yellow-300\">i = 1<\/p>\n <p class=\"text-xs text-slate-300 mt-1\"><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 (C\u2081\u2082H\u2082\u2082O\u2081\u2081), \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (CO(NH\u2082)\u2082)<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bg-black\/20 p-3 rounded-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-semibold text-white mb-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0629 (Electrolytes)<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-xs text-slate-400 mb-2\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <p class=\"font-mono text-yellow-300\">i > 1<\/p>\n <p class=\"text-xs text-slate-300 mt-1\"><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n <ul class=\"text-xs text-slate-300 mt-1 space-y-1 font-mono\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <li>NaCl \u2192 Na\u207a + Cl\u207b (i=2)<\/li>\n <li>CaCl\u2082 \u2192 Ca\u00b2\u207a + 2Cl\u207b (i=3)<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-3 text-xs text-slate-400 p-2 bg-slate-900\/40 rounded-md\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 ‘i’\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f).<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"boiling-point-constants-table-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (K_b) \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n <div id=\"boiling-point-constants-table\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"boiling-point-elevation-simulation-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n <div id=\"boiling-point-elevation-simulation\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"mt-4 bg-slate-800 p-4 rounded-lg border-r-4 border-green-500\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-green-400 mb-2 flex items-center gap-2 text-sm\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-pen\"><\/i> \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\n <\/h4>\n <div class=\"space-y-4\">\n <div>\n <p class=\"text-slate-300 mb-2 text-sm\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1 (\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a):<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 34.2 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c C\u2081\u2082H\u2082\u2082O\u2081\u2081, \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 = 342 g\/mol) \u0641\u064a 200 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. (K<sub>b<\/sub> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 = 0.512 \u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol)<\/p>\n <div class=\"font-mono text-xs sm:text-sm text-green-100 bg-black\/40 p-3 rounded-md leading-relaxed\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <p>1. Moles of solute = 34.2 g \/ 342 g\/mol = 0.1 mol<\/p>\n <p>2. Mass of solvent (kg) = 200 g \/ 1000 = 0.2 kg<\/p>\n <p>3. Molality (m) = 0.1 mol \/ 0.2 kg = 0.5 m<\/p>\n <p>4. Van ‘t Hoff factor (i) = 1 (since sucrose is a non-electrolyte)<\/p>\n <p>5. \u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = K<sub>b<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i = 0.512 \u00d7 0.5 \u00d7 1 = 0.256 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <p>6. New Boiling Point = 100 \u00b0C + 0.256 \u00b0C = 100.256 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"text-slate-300 mb-2 text-sm\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2 (\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a):<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 11.7 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 (NaCl\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 = 58.5 g\/mol) \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a 500 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/p>\n <div class=\"font-mono text-xs sm:text-sm text-green-100 bg-black\/40 p-3 rounded-md leading-relaxed\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <p>1. Moles of solute = 11.7 g \/ 58.5 g\/mol = 0.2 mol<\/p>\n <p>2. Mass of solvent (kg) = 500 g \/ 1000 = 0.5 kg<\/p>\n <p>3. Molality (m) = 0.2 mol \/ 0.5 kg = 0.4 m<\/p>\n <p>4. Van ‘t Hoff factor (i) = 2 (since NaCl \u2192 Na\u207a + Cl\u207b)<\/p>\n <p>5. \u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = K<sub>b<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i = 0.512 \u00d7 0.4 \u00d7 2 = 0.4096 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <p>6. New Boiling Point = 100 \u00b0C + 0.4096 \u00b0C \u2248 100.41 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-snowflake section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f (Freezing Point Depression)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li>\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n <li>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mt-4 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n <div class=\"my-2 p-3 bg-black\/20 rounded font-mono text-yellow-300 text-center text-lg\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0394T<sub>f<\/sub> = K<sub>f<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i<\/div>\n <p class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm mt-1\">\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">\u0394T<sub>f<\/sub><\/code>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/li>\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">K<sub>f<\/sub><\/code>: \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mt-4 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642: \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d (NaCl) \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CaCl\u2082).<\/li>\n <li>\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"freezing-point-constants-table-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f (K_f) \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n <div id=\"freezing-point-constants-table\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"freezing-point-depression-simulation-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/h3>\n <div id=\"freezing-point-depression-simulation\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"mt-4 bg-slate-800 p-4 rounded-lg border-r-4 border-green-500\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-green-400 mb-2 flex items-center gap-2 text-sm\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-pen\"><\/i> \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\n <\/h4>\n <div class=\"space-y-4\">\n <div>\n <p class=\"text-slate-300 mb-2 text-sm\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1 (\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a):<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 18 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632 (C\u2086H\u2081\u2082O\u2086\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 = 180 g\/mol) \u0641\u064a 250 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. (K<sub>f<\/sub> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 = 1.86 \u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol)<\/p>\n <div class=\"font-mono text-xs sm:text-sm text-green-100 bg-black\/40 p-3 rounded-md leading-relaxed\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <p>1. Moles of solute = 18 g \/ 180 g\/mol = 0.1 mol<\/p>\n <p>2. Mass of solvent (kg) = 250 g \/ 1000 = 0.25 kg<\/p>\n <p>3. Molality (m) = 0.1 mol \/ 0.25 kg = 0.4 m<\/p>\n <p>4. Van ‘t Hoff factor (i) = 1 (non-electrolyte)<\/p>\n <p>5. \u0394T<sub>f<\/sub> = K<sub>f<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i = 1.86 \u00d7 0.4 \u00d7 1 = 0.744 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <p>6. New Freezing Point = 0 \u00b0C – 0.744 \u00b0C = -0.744 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"text-slate-300 mb-2 text-sm\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2 (\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a):<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 11.1 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CaCl\u2082\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 = 111 g\/mol) \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a 500 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n <div class=\"font-mono text-xs sm:text-sm text-green-100 bg-black\/40 p-3 rounded-md leading-relaxed\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <p>1. Moles of solute = 11.1 g \/ 111 g\/mol = 0.1 mol<\/p>\n <p>2. Mass of solvent (kg) = 500 g \/ 1000 = 0.5 kg<\/p>\n <p>3. Molality (m) = 0.1 mol \/ 0.5 kg = 0.2 m<\/p>\n <p>4. Van ‘t Hoff factor (i) = 3 (since CaCl\u2082 \u2192 Ca\u00b2\u207a + 2Cl\u207b)<\/p>\n <p>5. \u0394T<sub>f<\/sub> = K<sub>f<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i = 1.86 \u00d7 0.2 \u00d7 3 = 1.116 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <p>6. New Freezing Point = 0 \u00b0C – 1.116 \u00b0C = -1.116 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-exchange-alt section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0665. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a (Osmotic Pressure)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li><strong class=\"text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n <li><strong class=\"text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mt-4 mb-2\">\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"osmosis-simulation-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a<\/h3>\n <div id=\"osmosis-simulation\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-atom section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0666. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (\u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 vs \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li><strong class=\"text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 NaCl):<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2190 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u2190 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n <li><strong class=\"text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632):<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u2190 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u2190 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <div class=\"mt-4 bg-slate-800 p-4 rounded-lg border-r-4 border-green-500\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-green-400 mb-2 flex items-center gap-2 text-sm\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-pen\"><\/i> \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\n <\/h4>\n <div class=\"font-mono text-xs sm:text-sm text-green-100 bg-black\/40 p-3 rounded-md space-y-2\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <p>\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 NaCl (0.1 m):<br> i = 2 \u2192 \u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = 0.512 \u00d7 0.1 \u00d7 2 = 0.1024 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <p>\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 C\u2086H\u2081\u2082O\u2086 (0.1 m):<br> i = 1 \u2192 \u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = 0.512 \u00d7 0.1 \u00d7 1 = 0.0512 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-cogs section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0667. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629:\n <\/h2>\n <ol class=\"lesson-list space-y-2 text-slate-300 marker:text-purple-400 bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg text-sm sm:text-base\">\n <li><strong>\u0637\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-calculator section-icon\"><\/i>\n 📝 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"overflow-x-auto bg-black\/20 rounded-lg border border-white\/10\">\n <table class=\"lesson-table\">\n <thead class=\"bg-white\/10 text-xs text-slate-200 uppercase tracking-wider\">\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr class=\"border-b border-white\/10\">\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-bold\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono text-yellow-300\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = K<sub>b<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-bold\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/td>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono text-yellow-300\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0394T<sub>f<\/sub> = K<sub>f<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"bg-yellow-900\/20 p-4 rounded-xl border-l-4 border-yellow-400 mt-6\">\n <h2 class=\"text-xl font-semibold text-yellow-300 mb-3 flex items-center gap-2\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-question-circle\"><\/i>\n 🔍 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"space-y-4 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <p>1. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n <p>2. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n <p>3. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 NaCl \u0648C\u2086H\u2081\u2082O\u2086 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/p>\n <p>4. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629)\u061f<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"bg-blue-900\/20 p-4 rounded-xl border-l-4 border-blue-400 mt-6\">\n <h2 class=\"text-xl font-semibold text-blue-300 mb-3 flex items-center gap-2\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-lightbulb\"><\/i>\n 🎯 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"space-y-4 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <p><strong>\u0661. \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u2190 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a | \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u2190 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u2190 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u063a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n <div>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\">\u0662. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629:<\/h3>\n <table class=\"w-full text-xs text-center text-slate-300 mt-1\">\n <thead class=\"bg-black\/20\"><tr><th class=\"p-1\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"p-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a<\/th><th class=\"p-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"p-1\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"p-1\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"p-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <p><strong>\u0663. \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628:<\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 (NaCl, CaCl\u2082) \u2190 i > 1 \u2190 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 | \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 (\u0633\u0643\u0631) \u2190 i = 1 \u2190 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n <div>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\">\u0664. \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644:<\/h3>\n <ol class=\"lesson-list mt-1\">\n <li>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/li>\n <li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0394T).<\/li>\n <li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641 (i).<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\">⚡ \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list mt-1\">\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u2190 <strong class=\"text-white\">\u064a\u0642\u0644<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n <li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u2190 <strong class=\"text-white\">\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n <li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u2190 <strong class=\"text-white\">\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u2190 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n <\/div>\n <\/main>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <script>\n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 1. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('boiling-point-elevation-simulation');\n if (!container) return;\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"not-prose my-8 p-4 sm:p-6 bg-black\/20 rounded-lg border border-white\/10\">\n <div class=\"flex justify-between items-center mb-2\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n <button id=\"bp-reset-btn\" class=\"p-2 rounded-full hover:bg-white\/10 transition-colors text-2xl font-bold text-slate-400\" aria-label=\"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\">\u27f3<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"relative flex justify-center items-center\">\n <canvas id=\"bp-canvas\" width=\"450\" height=\"350\" class=\"rounded-md\"><\/canvas>\n <div class=\"absolute top-2 left-1\/2 -translate-x-1\/2\" id=\"bp-pressure-gauge\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"absolute -bottom-8 left-1\/2 -translate-x-1\/2\">\n <span id=\"bp-fire-icon\" class=\"text-orange-400 text-4xl transition-all duration-300\" style=\"opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.5)\">🔥<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"bp-status-text\" class=\"mt-4 text-center p-3 rounded-md transition-colors bg-slate-800\/40\">\n <p id=\"bp-status-text-content\" class=\"font-bold text-slate-300\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-3 gap-4 mt-4 border-t border-white\/10 pt-4\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"bp-heating-slider\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/label>\n <div class=\"flex items-center gap-3\">\n <button id=\"bp-heating-decrease\" class=\"p-1 rounded-full bg-slate-700 hover:bg-slate-600 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-colors\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\">\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"h-5 w-5 text-slate-200\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n <path fillRule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M5 10a1 1 0 011-1h8a1 1 0 110 2H6a1 1 0 01-1-1z\" clipRule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n <\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <input id=\"bp-heating-slider\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"10\" step=\"1\" value=\"0\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-red-400\" \/>\n <button id=\"bp-heating-increase\" class=\"p-1 rounded-full bg-slate-700 hover:bg-slate-600 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-colors\" aria-label=\"\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\">\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"h-5 w-5 text-slate-200\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n <path fillRule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10 5a1 1 0 011 1v3h3a1 1 0 110 2h-3v3a1 1 0 11-2 0v-3H6a1 1 0 110-2h3V6a1 1 0 011-1z\" clipRule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n <\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p id=\"bp-temperature-display\" class=\"text-center text-sm mt-1\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: <span class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">20 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label for=\"bp-solute-amount\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/label>\n <input id=\"bp-solute-amount\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"10\" step=\"1\" value=\"0\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-orange-400\" \/>\n <p id=\"bp-boiling-point-display\" class=\"text-center text-sm mt-1\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646: <span class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">100.0 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/label>\n <div id=\"bp-solute-buttons\" class=\"flex gap-1 p-1 bg-slate-700\/50 rounded-lg\">\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-4 text-sm text-center text-slate-400 p-3 bg-slate-800\/40 rounded-md\">\n \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 <span class=\"font-bold text-green-300\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0649 <span class=\"font-bold text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/span>. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 <span class=\"font-bold text-orange-400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/span> \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n `;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const SOLUTES = {\n sucrose: { name: '\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631', formula: 'C\u2081\u2082H\u2082\u2082O\u2081\u2081', i: 1, color: '#f97316' },\n nacl: { name: '\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d', formula: 'NaCl', i: 2, color: '#fde047' }\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const soluteButtonsContainer = document.getElementById('bp-solute-buttons');\n Object.keys(SOLUTES).forEach(key => {\n const solute = SOLUTES[key];\n const button = document.createElement('button');\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-slate-300 hover:bg-slate-600\/50';\n button.textContent = `${solute.name} (i=${solute.i})`;\n button.dataset.key = key;\n soluteButtonsContainer.appendChild(button);\n });\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n let state = {\n heatingLevel: 0,\n soluteConcentration: 0,\n soluteType: 'sucrose',\n vaporPressure: 0,\n temperature: 20,\n particles: [],\n animationId: null\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n const ATMOSPHERIC_PRESSURE = 100;\n const width = 450;\n const height = 350;\n const liquidSurfaceY = height - 150;\n const numSolventSurfaceSpots = 20;\n \n \/\/ \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\n const pressureGaugeContainer = document.getElementById('bp-pressure-gauge');\n pressureGaugeContainer.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"relative w-40 h-24 flex flex-col items-center\">\n <svg id=\"bp-gauge-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 55\" class=\"w-full h-full\">\n <path d=\"M 10 50 A 40 40 0 0 1 90 50\" stroke=\"#475569\" strokeWidth=\"8\" fill=\"none\" strokeLinecap=\"round\" \/>\n <path id=\"bp-gauge-value\" d=\"M 10 50 A 40 40 0 0 1 90 50\" stroke=\"url(#bp-vpGradientElev)\" strokeWidth=\"8\" fill=\"none\" strokeLinecap=\"round\" strokeDasharray=\"125.6\" strokeDashoffset=\"125.6\" class=\"transition-all duration-300\" \/>\n <g id=\"bp-atmospheric-marker\" transform=\"rotate(-90 50 50)\">\n <line x1=\"50\" y1=\"10\" x2=\"50\" y2=\"2\" stroke=\"white\" strokeWidth=\"2\" strokeLinecap=\"round\" \/>\n <\/g>\n <g id=\"bp-needle\" transform=\"rotate(-90 50 50)\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300\">\n <path d=\"M 50 50 L 50 15\" stroke=\"white\" strokeWidth=\"2\" strokeLinecap=\"round\" \/>\n <\/g>\n <circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n <defs>\n <linearGradient id=\"bp-vpGradientElev\" x1=\"0%\" y1=\"0%\" x2=\"100%\" y2=\"0%\">\n <stop offset=\"0%\" stopColor=\"#34d399\" \/>\n <stop offset=\"100%\" stopColor=\"#ef4444\" \/>\n <\/linearGradient>\n <\/defs>\n <\/svg>\n <div class=\"absolute -bottom-8 text-center\">\n <p class=\"text-sm font-semibold text-slate-300\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n <p id=\"bp-vapor-pressure-display\" class=\"text-lg font-mono font-bold text-green-300\">0<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\n function calculateBoilingPoint() {\n const Kb = 0.512;\n const molality = (state.soluteConcentration \/ 10) * 2;\n const elevation = SOLUTES[state.soluteType].i * Kb * molality;\n return 100 + elevation;\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\n function updatePressureGauge() {\n const maxGauge = ATMOSPHERIC_PRESSURE * 1.5;\n const vpAngle = Math.min(180, (state.vaporPressure \/ maxGauge) * 180) - 90;\n const apAngle = Math.min(180, (ATMOSPHERIC_PRESSURE \/ maxGauge) * 180) - 90;\n \n const gaugeValue = document.getElementById('bp-gauge-value');\n const atmosphericMarker = document.getElementById('bp-atmospheric-marker');\n const needle = document.getElementById('bp-needle');\n const vaporPressureDisplay = document.getElementById('bp-vapor-pressure-display');\n \n const strokeDashoffset = 125.6 * (1 - Math.min(1, state.vaporPressure \/ maxGauge));\n gaugeValue.style.strokeDashoffset = strokeDashoffset;\n \n atmosphericMarker.setAttribute('transform', `rotate(${apAngle} 50 50)`);\n needle.setAttribute('transform', `rotate(${vpAngle} 50 50)`);\n vaporPressureDisplay.textContent = state.vaporPressure.toFixed(0);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\n function updateUI() {\n const boilingPoint = calculateBoilingPoint();\n const isBoiling = state.vaporPressure >= ATMOSPHERIC_PRESSURE;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\n const temperatureDisplay = document.getElementById('bp-temperature-display');\n temperatureDisplay.innerHTML = `\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: <span class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">${state.temperature.toFixed(0)} \u00b0C<\/span>`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\n const boilingPointDisplay = document.getElementById('bp-boiling-point-display');\n boilingPointDisplay.innerHTML = `\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646: <span class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">${boilingPoint.toFixed(1)} \u00b0C<\/span>`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\n const statusText = document.getElementById('bp-status-text-content');\n const statusContainer = document.getElementById('bp-status-text');\n \n let status = '';\n if (isBoiling) {\n status = `\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f ${state.temperature.toFixed(0)}\u00b0C!`;\n statusContainer.className = 'mt-4 text-center p-3 rounded-md transition-colors bg-green-500\/20';\n statusText.className = 'font-bold text-green-300 animate-pulse';\n } else if (state.temperature >= boilingPoint) {\n status = `\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646... \u0632\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b!`;\n statusContainer.className = 'mt-4 text-center p-3 rounded-md transition-colors bg-slate-800\/40';\n statusText.className = 'font-bold text-slate-300';\n } else if (state.heatingLevel > 0) {\n status = '\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.';\n statusContainer.className = 'mt-4 text-center p-3 rounded-md transition-colors bg-slate-800\/40';\n statusText.className = 'font-bold text-slate-300';\n } else {\n status = '\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629.';\n statusContainer.className = 'mt-4 text-center p-3 rounded-md transition-colors bg-slate-800\/40';\n statusText.className = 'font-bold text-slate-300';\n }\n statusText.textContent = status;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\n const fireIcon = document.getElementById('bp-fire-icon');\n fireIcon.style.opacity = state.heatingLevel \/ 15;\n fireIcon.style.transform = `scale(${0.5 + state.heatingLevel * 0.1})`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n document.querySelectorAll('#bp-solute-buttons button').forEach(button => {\n const key = button.dataset.key;\n if (key === state.soluteType) {\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-black';\n button.style.backgroundColor = SOLUTES[key].color;\n } else {\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-slate-300 hover:bg-slate-600\/50';\n button.style.backgroundColor = '';\n }\n });\n \n updatePressureGauge();\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n function initializeParticles() {\n state.particles = [];\n let idCounter = 0;\n \n const surfaceSpots = Array.from({ length: numSolventSurfaceSpots }, (_, i) => i);\n const numSolute = Math.floor(state.soluteConcentration * 1.5);\n \n for (let i = 0; i < numSolute; i++) {\n const spotIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * surfaceSpots.length);\n const spot = surfaceSpots.splice(spotIndex, 1)[0];\n if (spot === undefined) break;\n \n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n x: (spot \/ (numSolventSurfaceSpots - 1)) * (width - 100) + 50,\n y: liquidSurfaceY,\n vx: 0, vy: 0,\n phase: 'solute_surface',\n radius: 6,\n });\n }\n \n for (const spot of surfaceSpots) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n x: (spot \/ (numSolventSurfaceSpots - 1)) * (width - 100) + 50,\n y: liquidSurfaceY,\n vx: 0, vy: 0,\n phase: 'liquid_surface',\n radius: 4,\n });\n }\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n function render() {\n const canvas = document.getElementById('bp-canvas');\n const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');\n if (!ctx) return;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\n state.temperature = 90 + state.heatingLevel * 1.5;\n \n ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#9ca3af';\n ctx.lineWidth = 3;\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(10, 50);\n ctx.lineTo(10, height - 40);\n ctx.quadraticCurveTo(width \/ 2, height - 20, width - 10, height - 40);\n ctx.lineTo(width - 10, 50);\n ctx.stroke();\n ctx.fillStyle = \"rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.2)\";\n ctx.fillRect(12, liquidSurfaceY, width - 24, height - liquidSurfaceY - 30);\n \n const nextParticles = [];\n let vaporCount = 0;\n const boilingPoint = calculateBoilingPoint();\n const selectedSolute = SOLUTES[state.soluteType];\n \n state.particles.forEach(p => {\n if (p.phase === 'liquid_surface') {\n p.y = liquidSurfaceY + Math.sin(p.x + Date.now() \/ 200) * (state.heatingLevel \/ 5);\n if (Math.random() < state.heatingLevel * 0.001) {\n nextParticles.push({ ...p, phase: 'vapor', vy: -1 - Math.random(), vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 2 });\n } else {\n nextParticles.push(p);\n }\n } else if (p.phase === 'solute_surface') {\n p.y = liquidSurfaceY + Math.sin(p.x + Date.now() \/ 300) * (state.heatingLevel \/ 10);\n nextParticles.push(p);\n } else if (p.phase === 'vapor') {\n p.x += p.vx;\n p.y += p.vy;\n if (p.y > liquidSurfaceY && Math.random() < 0.01) {\n const spotX = (Math.round(((p.x - 50) \/ (width - 100)) * (numSolventSurfaceSpots - 1)) \/ (numSolventSurfaceSpots - 1)) * (width - 100) + 50;\n const isOccupied = state.particles.some(sp => sp.phase !== 'vapor' && Math.abs(sp.x - spotX) < 10);\n if (!isOccupied) {\n nextParticles.push({ ...p, phase: 'liquid_surface', y: liquidSurfaceY, x: spotX, vx: 0, vy: 0 });\n } else {\n nextParticles.push(p);\n }\n } else if (p.y < 10 || p.x < 10 || p.x > width - 10) {\n \/\/ \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\n } else {\n vaporCount++;\n nextParticles.push(p);\n }\n } else if (p.phase === 'bubble') {\n p.y += p.vy;\n p.radius += 0.2;\n if (p.life) p.life--;\n if (p.y < liquidSurfaceY || (p.life && p.life <= 0)) {\n for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {\n nextParticles.push({ ...p, id: p.id + 1000 + i, phase: 'vapor', vy: -1 - Math.random(), vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 2, radius: 4 });\n }\n } else {\n nextParticles.push(p);\n }\n }\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\n if (state.temperature >= boilingPoint && Math.random() < state.heatingLevel * 0.02) {\n nextParticles.push({\n id: Date.now() + Math.random(),\n x: Math.random() * (width - 100) + 50,\n y: height - 50,\n vx: 0, vy: -1,\n phase: 'bubble',\n radius: 2,\n life: 100\n });\n }\n \n state.particles = nextParticles;\n state.vaporPressure = vaporCount * 2;\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n state.particles.forEach(p => {\n ctx.beginPath();\n if (p.phase === 'liquid_surface') {\n ctx.fillStyle = '#38bdf8';\n } else if (p.phase === 'solute_surface') {\n ctx.fillStyle = selectedSolute.color;\n } else if (p.phase === 'vapor') {\n ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.7)';\n } else if (p.phase === 'bubble') {\n ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)';\n ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;\n ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, p.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\n ctx.stroke();\n return;\n }\n ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, p.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\n ctx.fill();\n });\n \n updateUI();\n state.animationId = requestAnimationFrame(render);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\n function setupControls() {\n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\n const heatingSlider = document.getElementById('bp-heating-slider');\n const heatingDecrease = document.getElementById('bp-heating-decrease');\n const heatingIncrease = document.getElementById('bp-heating-increase');\n \n heatingDecrease.addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.heatingLevel = Math.max(0, state.heatingLevel - 1);\n heatingSlider.value = state.heatingLevel;\n heatingDecrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel <= 0;\n heatingIncrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel >= 10;\n });\n \n heatingIncrease.addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.heatingLevel = Math.min(10, state.heatingLevel + 1);\n heatingSlider.value = state.heatingLevel;\n heatingDecrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel <= 0;\n heatingIncrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel >= 10;\n });\n \n heatingSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.heatingLevel = Number(heatingSlider.value);\n heatingDecrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel <= 0;\n heatingIncrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel >= 10;\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const soluteAmountSlider = document.getElementById('bp-solute-amount');\n soluteAmountSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.soluteConcentration = Number(soluteAmountSlider.value);\n initializeParticles();\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n document.querySelectorAll('#bp-solute-buttons button').forEach(button => {\n button.addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.soluteType = button.dataset.key;\n updateUI();\n });\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\n document.getElementById('bp-reset-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.heatingLevel = 0;\n state.soluteConcentration = 0;\n state.soluteType = 'sucrose';\n \n heatingSlider.value = state.heatingLevel;\n soluteAmountSlider.value = state.soluteConcentration;\n heatingDecrease.disabled = true;\n heatingIncrease.disabled = false;\n \n initializeParticles();\n updateUI();\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n initializeParticles();\n setupControls();\n render();\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\n return () => {\n if (state.animationId) {\n cancelAnimationFrame(state.animationId);\n }\n };\n })();\n \n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 2. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('freezing-point-depression-simulation');\n if (!container) return;\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"not-prose my-8 p-4 sm:p-6 bg-black\/20 rounded-lg border border-white\/10\">\n <div class=\"flex justify-between items-center mb-4\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/h3>\n <button id=\"fp-reset-btn\" class=\"p-2 rounded-full hover:bg-white\/10 transition-colors text-2xl font-bold text-slate-400\" aria-label=\"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\">\u27f3<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"relative\">\n <canvas id=\"fp-canvas\" width=\"450\" height=\"350\" class=\"rounded-md\"><\/canvas>\n <div class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full flex justify-around items-start pointer-events-none\">\n <div id=\"fp-beaker-left\" class=\"flex flex-col items-center\">\n <h4 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/h4>\n <div class=\"mt-2 text-sm\">\n <p class=\"text-slate-300\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: <span id=\"fp-temp-left\" class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">10.0 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <p class=\"text-slate-400\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f: <span id=\"fp-freezing-left\" class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\/80\">-0.0 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"relative w-24 h-20 mt-1 flex justify-center items-center\">\n <span id=\"fp-frost-left\" class=\"text-4xl text-blue-300 transition-all duration-300\" style=\"opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.5)\">❄️<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"fp-freezing-left-status\" class=\"mt-2 px-3 py-1 text-sm font-bold rounded-full hidden\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"fp-beaker-right\" class=\"flex flex-col items-center\">\n <h4 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a<\/h4>\n <div class=\"mt-2 text-sm\">\n <p class=\"text-slate-300\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: <span id=\"fp-temp-right\" class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">10.0 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <p class=\"text-slate-400\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f: <span id=\"fp-freezing-right\" class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\/80\">0.0 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"relative w-24 h-20 mt-1 flex justify-center items-center\">\n <span id=\"fp-frost-right\" class=\"text-4xl text-blue-300 transition-all duration-300\" style=\"opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.5)\">❄️<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"fp-freezing-right-status\" class=\"mt-2 px-3 py-1 text-sm font-bold rounded-full hidden\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-3 gap-4 mt-2 border-t border-white\/10 pt-4\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"fp-temperature-slider\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/label>\n <input id=\"fp-temperature-slider\" type=\"range\" min=\"-20\" max=\"20\" step=\"0.5\" value=\"10\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-blue-400\" \/>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label for=\"fp-solute-conc\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/label>\n <input id=\"fp-solute-conc\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"10\" step=\"1\" value=\"2\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-orange-400\" \/>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641)<\/label>\n <div id=\"fp-solute-buttons\" class=\"flex gap-1 p-1 bg-slate-700\/50 rounded-lg\">\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"mt-4 text-center p-3 bg-slate-800\/40 rounded-md\">\n <p id=\"fp-depression-display\" class=\"text-lg font-bold text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644: <span class=\"font-mono text-sky-300\">-0.00 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <p class=\"mt-2 text-sm text-slate-400\">\n \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631)\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const SOLUTES = {\n sucrose: { name: '\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 (\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a)', formula: 'C\u2081\u2082H\u2082\u2082O\u2081\u2081', i: 1, color: '#f97316' },\n nacl: { name: '\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a)', formula: 'NaCl', i: 2, color: '#fde047' },\n cacl2: { name: '\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a)', formula: 'CaCl\u2082', i: 3, color: '#ec4899' }\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const soluteButtonsContainer = document.getElementById('fp-solute-buttons');\n Object.keys(SOLUTES).forEach(key => {\n const solute = SOLUTES[key];\n const button = document.createElement('button');\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-slate-300 hover:bg-slate-600\/50';\n button.textContent = `${solute.formula} (i=${solute.i})`;\n button.dataset.key = key;\n soluteButtonsContainer.appendChild(button);\n });\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n let state = {\n temperature: 10,\n soluteConcentration: 2,\n soluteType: 'sucrose',\n particles: [],\n animationId: null\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n const width = 450;\n const height = 350;\n const beakerWidth = 200;\n const liquidLevel = height - 150;\n const numSolventParticles = 50;\n const maxSoluteParticles = 15;\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\n const freezingPointPure = 0;\n const Kf = 1.86;\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\n function calculateFreezingPoint() {\n const selectedSolute = SOLUTES[state.soluteType];\n const molality = (state.soluteConcentration \/ 10) * 2;\n const freezingPointDepression = selectedSolute.i * Kf * molality;\n const freezingPointSolution = freezingPointPure - freezingPointDepression;\n \n return {\n depression: freezingPointDepression,\n solution: freezingPointSolution,\n pure: freezingPointPure\n };\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\n function updateUI() {\n const freezingPoints = calculateFreezingPoint();\n const isPureFreezing = state.temperature <= freezingPoints.pure;\n const isSolutionFreezing = state.temperature <= freezingPoints.solution;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\n document.getElementById('fp-temp-left').textContent = `${state.temperature.toFixed(1)} \u00b0C`;\n document.getElementById('fp-temp-right').textContent = `${state.temperature.toFixed(1)} \u00b0C`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\n document.getElementById('fp-freezing-left').textContent = `${freezingPoints.solution.toFixed(1)} \u00b0C`;\n document.getElementById('fp-freezing-right').textContent = `${freezingPoints.pure.toFixed(1)} \u00b0C`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\n document.getElementById('fp-depression-display').innerHTML = `\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644: <span class=\"font-mono text-sky-300\">-${freezingPoints.depression.toFixed(2)} \u00b0C<\/span>`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u064a\u0639\n const frostOpacityLeft = Math.max(0, (1 - (state.temperature + 10) \/ 20));\n const frostOpacityRight = Math.max(0, (1 - (state.temperature + 10) \/ 20));\n \n document.getElementById('fp-frost-left').style.opacity = frostOpacityLeft * 1.5;\n document.getElementById('fp-frost-left').style.transform = `scale(${0.5 + frostOpacityLeft})`;\n \n document.getElementById('fp-frost-right').style.opacity = frostOpacityRight * 1.5;\n document.getElementById('fp-frost-right').style.transform = `scale(${0.5 + frostOpacityRight})`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\n const freezingLeftStatus = document.getElementById('fp-freezing-left-status');\n const freezingRightStatus = document.getElementById('fp-freezing-right-status');\n \n if (isSolutionFreezing) {\n freezingLeftStatus.className = 'mt-2 px-3 py-1 bg-blue-500\/20 text-blue-300 text-sm font-bold rounded-full animate-pulse';\n freezingLeftStatus.textContent = '\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f';\n freezingLeftStatus.classList.remove('hidden');\n } else {\n freezingLeftStatus.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n \n if (isPureFreezing) {\n freezingRightStatus.className = 'mt-2 px-3 py-1 bg-blue-500\/20 text-blue-300 text-sm font-bold rounded-full animate-pulse';\n freezingRightStatus.textContent = '\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f';\n freezingRightStatus.classList.remove('hidden');\n } else {\n freezingRightStatus.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n document.querySelectorAll('#fp-solute-buttons button').forEach(button => {\n const key = button.dataset.key;\n if (key === state.soluteType) {\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-black';\n button.style.backgroundColor = SOLUTES[key].color;\n } else {\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-slate-300 hover:bg-slate-600\/50';\n button.style.backgroundColor = '';\n }\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n function initializeParticles() {\n state.particles = [];\n let idCounter = 0;\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\n const createGridTargets = (offsetX) => {\n const targets = [];\n const rows = 5, cols = 10, spacing = 20;\n for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {\n for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {\n targets.push({\n x: offsetX + 25 + j * spacing + (i % 2) * spacing \/ 2,\n y: liquidLevel + 20 + i * spacing\n });\n }\n }\n return targets;\n };\n \n const solutionOffsetX = 0;\n const pureOffsetX = width - beakerWidth;\n \n const pureTargets = createGridTargets(pureOffsetX);\n const solutionTargets = createGridTargets(solutionOffsetX);\n const selectedSolute = SOLUTES[state.soluteType];\n const numSolute = Math.floor((state.soluteConcentration \/ 10) * maxSoluteParticles);\n \n \/\/ \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649)\n for (let i = 0; i < numSolventParticles; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n beaker: 'solution',\n x: solutionOffsetX + 20 + Math.random() * (beakerWidth - 40),\n y: liquidLevel + Math.random() * (height - liquidLevel - 40),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5),\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5),\n type: 'solvent',\n radius: 3.5,\n targetX: solutionTargets[i].x,\n targetY: solutionTargets[i].y,\n });\n }\n \n for (let i = 0; i < numSolute; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n beaker: 'solution',\n x: solutionOffsetX + 20 + Math.random() * (beakerWidth - 40),\n y: liquidLevel + Math.random() * (height - liquidLevel - 40),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2,\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2,\n type: 'solute',\n radius: 5,\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649)\n for (let i = 0; i < numSolventParticles; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n beaker: 'pure',\n x: pureOffsetX + 20 + Math.random() * (beakerWidth - 40),\n y: liquidLevel + Math.random() * (height - liquidLevel - 40),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5),\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5),\n type: 'solvent',\n radius: 3.5,\n targetX: pureTargets[i].x,\n targetY: pureTargets[i].y,\n });\n }\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c\n function drawIceCrystal(ctx, x, y, size, opacity) {\n ctx.save();\n ctx.translate(x, y);\n ctx.strokeStyle = `rgba(200, 220, 255, ${opacity * 0.6})`;\n ctx.lineWidth = size \/ 5;\n for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {\n ctx.rotate(Math.PI \/ 3);\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(0, 0);\n ctx.lineTo(0, size);\n ctx.stroke();\n }\n ctx.restore();\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n function render() {\n const canvas = document.getElementById('fp-canvas');\n const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');\n if (!ctx) return;\n \n ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);\n \n const freezingPoints = calculateFreezingPoint();\n const isPureFreezing = state.temperature <= freezingPoints.pure;\n const isSolutionFreezing = state.temperature <= freezingPoints.solution;\n \n const pureFreezeFactor = isPureFreezing ? Math.min(1, (freezingPoints.pure - state.temperature) \/ 5) : 0;\n const solutionFreezeFactor = isSolutionFreezing ? Math.min(1, (freezingPoints.solution - state.temperature) \/ 5) : 0;\n const selectedSolute = SOLUTES[state.soluteType];\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0642\n const drawBeaker = (offsetX, freezeFactor) => {\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#9ca3af';\n ctx.lineWidth = 3;\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(offsetX + 10, 50);\n ctx.lineTo(offsetX + 10, height - 40);\n ctx.quadraticCurveTo(offsetX + beakerWidth \/ 2, height - 20, offsetX + beakerWidth - 10, height - 40);\n ctx.lineTo(offsetX + beakerWidth - 10, 50);\n ctx.stroke();\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\n ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(56, 189, 248, ${0.2 * (1 - freezeFactor)})`;\n ctx.fillRect(offsetX + 12, liquidLevel, beakerWidth - 24, height - liquidLevel - 30);\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c\n ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(200, 220, 255, ${0.3 * freezeFactor})`;\n ctx.fillRect(offsetX + 12, liquidLevel, beakerWidth - 24, height - liquidLevel - 30);\n \n if (freezeFactor > 0.1) {\n for (let i = 0; i < freezeFactor * 10; i++) {\n drawIceCrystal(ctx, offsetX + Math.random() * beakerWidth, liquidLevel + Math.random() * (height - liquidLevel - 40), 10 + Math.random() * 15, freezeFactor);\n }\n }\n };\n \n drawBeaker(0, solutionFreezeFactor);\n drawBeaker(width - beakerWidth, pureFreezeFactor);\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n state.particles.forEach(p => {\n const beakerOffset = p.beaker === 'solution' ? 0 : width - beakerWidth;\n const freezeFactor = p.beaker === 'solution' ? solutionFreezeFactor : pureFreezeFactor;\n const speedMultiplier = Math.max(0.1, 1 - freezeFactor);\n \n if (freezeFactor > 0 && p.type === 'solvent') {\n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\n p.vx += (p.targetX - p.x) * 0.05 * freezeFactor;\n p.vy += (p.targetY - p.y) * 0.05 * freezeFactor;\n \/\/ \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\n p.vx += (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2;\n p.vy += (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2;\n } else {\n p.vx += (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2;\n p.vy += (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2;\n }\n \n p.x += p.vx * speedMultiplier;\n p.y += p.vy * speedMultiplier;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\n const leftWall = beakerOffset + 15;\n const rightWall = beakerOffset + beakerWidth - 15;\n if (p.x < leftWall || p.x > rightWall) {\n p.vx *= -1;\n p.x = Math.max(leftWall, Math.min(p.x, rightWall));\n }\n if (p.y > height - 45 || p.y < liquidLevel) {\n p.vy *= -1;\n p.y = Math.max(liquidLevel, Math.min(p.y, height - 45));\n }\n \n p.vx *= 0.9;\n p.vy *= 0.9;\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\n ctx.beginPath();\n if (p.type === 'solute') {\n ctx.fillStyle = selectedSolute.color;\n } else {\n ctx.fillStyle = '#38bdf8';\n }\n \n ctx.globalAlpha = 1 - freezeFactor * 0.5;\n ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, p.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\n ctx.fill();\n ctx.globalAlpha = 1;\n });\n \n updateUI();\n state.animationId = requestAnimationFrame(render);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\n function setupControls() {\n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\n const temperatureSlider = document.getElementById('fp-temperature-slider');\n temperatureSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.temperature = Number(temperatureSlider.value);\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const soluteConcSlider = document.getElementById('fp-solute-conc');\n soluteConcSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.soluteConcentration = Number(soluteConcSlider.value);\n initializeParticles();\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n document.querySelectorAll('#fp-solute-buttons button').forEach(button => {\n button.addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.soluteType = button.dataset.key;\n initializeParticles();\n });\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\n document.getElementById('fp-reset-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.temperature = 10;\n state.soluteConcentration = 2;\n state.soluteType = 'sucrose';\n \n temperatureSlider.value = state.temperature;\n soluteConcSlider.value = state.soluteConcentration;\n \n initializeParticles();\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n initializeParticles();\n setupControls();\n render();\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\n return () => {\n if (state.animationId) {\n cancelAnimationFrame(state.animationId);\n }\n };\n })();\n \n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 3. \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('vapor-pressure-lowering-graph');\n if (!container) return;\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"not-prose my-8 p-4 sm:p-6 bg-black\/20 rounded-lg border border-white\/10 flex flex-col items-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold mb-2 text-center text-white\/90\">\n \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\n <\/h3>\n <svg id=\"vp-graph-svg\" width=\"100%\" height=\"350\" viewBox=\"0 0 450 350\"><\/svg>\n <div class=\"flex justify-center gap-6 mt-4\">\n <div class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n <div class=\"w-4 h-1 bg-[#60a5fa]\"><\/div>\n <span class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n <div class=\"w-4 h-1 bg-[#f97316]\"><\/div>\n <span class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"w-full max-w-sm mt-4\">\n <label for=\"vp-concentration-slider\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\n \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n <\/label>\n <input id=\"vp-concentration-slider\" type=\"range\" min=\"0.0\" max=\"0.2\" step=\"0.01\" value=\"0.1\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-orange-400\" \/>\n <div class=\"flex justify-between mt-1 text-xs text-slate-400\">\n <span>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/span>\n <span>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-4 text-sm text-center text-slate-400 p-3 bg-slate-800\/40 rounded-md\">\n \u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n `;\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n let state = {\n soluteConcentration: 0.1\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\n const width = 450;\n const height = 350;\n const padding = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 50, left: 60 };\n const chartWidth = width - padding.left - padding.right;\n const chartHeight = height - padding.top - padding.bottom;\n \n const minTemp = 20;\n const maxTemp = 120;\n const maxPressure = 2.5;\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0633-\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\n const A = 965000;\n const B = 5143;\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\n function getVaporPressure(tempC) {\n const tempK = tempC + 273.15;\n return A * Math.exp(-B \/ tempK);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a\n function getX(temp) {\n return padding.left + ((temp - minTemp) \/ (maxTemp - minTemp)) * chartWidth;\n }\n \n function getY(pressure) {\n return padding.top + chartHeight - (pressure \/ maxPressure) * chartHeight;\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649\n function createCurvePath(solventMoleFraction = 1) {\n let path = '';\n for (let t = minTemp; t <= maxTemp; t++) {\n const solventPressure = getVaporPressure(t);\n const solutionPressure = solventPressure * solventMoleFraction;\n const x = getX(t);\n const y = getY(solutionPressure);\n \n if (t === minTemp) {\n path += `M ${x.toFixed(2)} ${y.toFixed(2)}`;\n } else {\n path += ` L ${x.toFixed(2)} ${y.toFixed(2)}`;\n }\n }\n return path;\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\n function renderGraph() {\n const svg = document.getElementById('vp-graph-svg');\n svg.innerHTML = '';\n \n const solventMoleFraction = 1 - state.soluteConcentration;\n const solventPath = createCurvePath(1);\n const solutionPath = createCurvePath(solventMoleFraction);\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\n const axes = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'g');\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 X\n const xAxis = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'line');\n xAxis.setAttribute('x1', padding.left);\n xAxis.setAttribute('y1', padding.top + chartHeight);\n xAxis.setAttribute('x2', width - padding.right);\n xAxis.setAttribute('y2', padding.top + chartHeight);\n xAxis.setAttribute('stroke', '#6b7280');\n xAxis.setAttribute('stroke-width', '2');\n axes.appendChild(xAxis);\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 Y\n const yAxis = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'line');\n yAxis.setAttribute('x1', padding.left);\n yAxis.setAttribute('y1', padding.top + chartHeight);\n yAxis.setAttribute('x2', padding.left);\n yAxis.setAttribute('y2', padding.top);\n yAxis.setAttribute('stroke', '#6b7280');\n yAxis.setAttribute('stroke-width', '2');\n axes.appendChild(yAxis);\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\n const xLabel = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'text');\n xLabel.setAttribute('x', width \/ 2);\n xLabel.setAttribute('y', height - 10);\n xLabel.setAttribute('fill', '#9ca3af');\n xLabel.setAttribute('text-anchor', 'middle');\n xLabel.setAttribute('font-size', '12');\n xLabel.textContent = '\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u00b0C)';\n axes.appendChild(xLabel);\n \n const yLabel = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'text');\n yLabel.setAttribute('x', padding.left - 45);\n yLabel.setAttribute('y', height \/ 2);\n yLabel.setAttribute('fill', '#9ca3af');\n yLabel.setAttribute('text-anchor', 'middle');\n yLabel.setAttribute('transform', `rotate(-90, ${padding.left - 45}, ${height\/2})`);\n yLabel.setAttribute('font-size', '12');\n yLabel.textContent = '\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a (atm)';\n axes.appendChild(yLabel);\n \n \/\/ \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\n [0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0].forEach(p => {\n const gridLine = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'line');\n gridLine.setAttribute('x1', padding.left);\n gridLine.setAttribute('y1', getY(p));\n gridLine.setAttribute('x2', width - padding.right);\n gridLine.setAttribute('y2', getY(p));\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke', '#475569');\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke-width', '0.5');\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke-dasharray', '4');\n axes.appendChild(gridLine);\n \n const label = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'text');\n label.setAttribute('x', padding.left - 8);\n label.setAttribute('y', getY(p) + 4);\n label.setAttribute('fill', '#9ca3af');\n label.setAttribute('text-anchor', 'end');\n label.setAttribute('font-size', '10');\n label.textContent = p.toFixed(1);\n axes.appendChild(label);\n });\n \n [20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120].forEach(t => {\n const gridLine = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'line');\n gridLine.setAttribute('x1', getX(t));\n gridLine.setAttribute('y1', padding.top);\n gridLine.setAttribute('x2', getX(t));\n gridLine.setAttribute('y2', padding.top + chartHeight);\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke', '#475569');\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke-width', '0.5');\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke-dasharray', '4');\n axes.appendChild(gridLine);\n \n const label = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'text');\n label.setAttribute('x', getX(t));\n label.setAttribute('y', padding.top + chartHeight + 15);\n label.setAttribute('fill', '#9ca3af');\n label.setAttribute('text-anchor', 'middle');\n label.setAttribute('font-size', '10');\n label.textContent = t.toString();\n axes.appendChild(label);\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\n const solventCurve = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'path');\n solventCurve.setAttribute('d', solventPath);\n solventCurve.setAttribute('fill', 'none');\n solventCurve.setAttribute('stroke', '#60a5fa');\n solventCurve.setAttribute('stroke-width', '3');\n axes.appendChild(solventCurve);\n \n const solutionCurve = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'path');\n solutionCurve.setAttribute('d', solutionPath);\n solutionCurve.setAttribute('fill', 'none');\n solutionCurve.setAttribute('stroke', '#f97316');\n solutionCurve.setAttribute('stroke-width', '3');\n solutionCurve.setAttribute('class', 'transition-all duration-300');\n axes.appendChild(solutionCurve);\n \n svg.appendChild(axes);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\n function setupControls() {\n const concentrationSlider = document.getElementById('vp-concentration-slider');\n concentrationSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.soluteConcentration = parseFloat(concentrationSlider.value);\n renderGraph();\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n renderGraph();\n setupControls();\n })();\n \n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 4. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('boiling-point-constants-table');\n if (!container) return;\n \n const tableData = [\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621', boilingPoint: 100.0, kb: 0.512 },\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644', boilingPoint: 78.4, kb: 1.22 },\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646', boilingPoint: 80.1, kb: 2.53 },\n { solvent: '\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0643', boilingPoint: 118.1, kb: 3.07 },\n { solvent: '\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646', boilingPoint: 76.8, kb: 5.03 }\n ];\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n <table class=\"lesson-table\">\n <thead class=\"bg-white\/10 text-xs text-slate-200 uppercase tracking-wider\">\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u00b0C)<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 (K_b) (\u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol)<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n ${tableData.map(row => `\n <tr class=\"border-b border-white\/10 hover:bg-white\/5\">\n <th scope=\"row\" class=\"px-6 py-4 font-bold text-white\/90 whitespace-nowrap\">\n ${row.solvent}\n <\/th>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono\">${row.boilingPoint.toFixed(1)}<\/td>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono\">${row.kb.toFixed(3)}<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n `).join('')}\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-4 text-xs text-center text-slate-400\">\n \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 (K_b) \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628.\n <\/p>\n `;\n })();\n \n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 5. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('freezing-point-constants-table');\n if (!container) return;\n \n const tableData = [\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621', freezingPoint: 0.0, kf: 1.86 },\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644', freezingPoint: -114.6, kf: 1.99 },\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646', freezingPoint: 5.5, kf: 5.12 },\n { solvent: '\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0643', freezingPoint: 16.6, kf: 3.90 },\n { solvent: '\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646', freezingPoint: -22.9, kf: 29.8 }\n ];\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n <table class=\"lesson-table\">\n <thead class=\"bg-white\/10 text-xs text-slate-200 uppercase tracking-wider\">\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f (\u00b0C)<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 (K_f) (\u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol)<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n ${tableData.map(row => `\n <tr class=\"border-b border-white\/10 hover:bg-white\/5\">\n <th scope=\"row\" class=\"px-6 py-4 font-bold text-white\/90 whitespace-nowrap\">\n ${row.solvent}\n <\/th>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono\">${row.freezingPoint.toFixed(1)}<\/td>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono\">${row.kf.toFixed(2)}<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n `).join('')}\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-4 text-xs text-center text-slate-400\">\n \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 (K_f) \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628.\n <\/p>\n `;\n })();\n \n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 6. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('osmosis-simulation');\n if (!container) return;\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"not-prose my-8 p-4 sm:p-6 bg-black\/20 rounded-lg border border-white\/10\">\n <div class=\"flex justify-between items-center mb-2\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a<\/h3>\n <button id=\"osmosis-reset-btn\" class=\"p-2 rounded-full hover:bg-white\/10\" aria-label=\"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\">\u27f3<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flex flex-col items-center\">\n <canvas id=\"osmosis-canvas\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" class=\"rounded-md bg-slate-900\/50 max-w-full\"><\/canvas>\n <div class=\"flex justify-center gap-4 mt-2\">\n <div class=\"flex items-center gap-2\"><div class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#60a5fa]\"><\/div><span class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 (\u0645\u0627\u0621)<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"flex items-center gap-2\"><div class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#f97316]\"><\/div><span class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mt-4 border-t border-white\/10 pt-4\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"osmosis-concentration-slider\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\n \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a)\n <\/label>\n <input id=\"osmosis-concentration-slider\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"10\" step=\"1\" value=\"4\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-orange-400\" \/>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label for=\"osmosis-pressure-slider\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\n \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644)\n <\/label>\n <input id=\"osmosis-pressure-slider\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"20\" step=\"1\" value=\"0\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-teal-500\" \/>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-4 text-sm text-center text-slate-400 p-3 bg-slate-800\/40 rounded-md\">\n \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629).\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n `;\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n let state = {\n soluteConcentration: 4,\n appliedPressure: 0,\n particles: [],\n animationId: null\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n const width = 300;\n const height = 220;\n const armWidth = 100;\n const bottomThickness = 30;\n const membraneWidth = 8;\n const membraneX = width \/ 2;\n const leftArmX = (width \/ 2) - (armWidth) - membraneWidth \/ 2;\n const rightArmX = (width \/ 2) + membraneWidth \/ 2;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n function initializeParticles() {\n state.particles = [];\n let idCounter = 0;\n \n \/\/ \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631 (\u0646\u0642\u064a)\n for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n type: 'solvent',\n x: leftArmX + Math.random() * armWidth,\n y: height \/ 2 + Math.random() * (height \/ 2 - bottomThickness),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.5,\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.5,\n radius: 3.5,\n color: '#60a5fa'\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644)\n for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n type: 'solvent',\n x: rightArmX + Math.random() * armWidth,\n y: height \/ 2 + Math.random() * (height \/ 2 - bottomThickness),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.5,\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.5,\n radius: 3.5,\n color: '#60a5fa'\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const numSolute = state.soluteConcentration * 3;\n for (let i = 0; i < numSolute; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: 1000 + i,\n type: 'solute',\n x: rightArmX + Math.random() * armWidth,\n y: height \/ 2 + Math.random() * (height \/ 2 - bottomThickness),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2,\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2,\n radius: 5,\n color: '#f97316'\n });\n }\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n function render() {\n const canvas = document.getElementById('osmosis-canvas');\n const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');\n if (!ctx) return;\n \n const osmoticPressure = state.soluteConcentration * 2;\n const netPressure = osmoticPressure - state.appliedPressure;\n const targetHeightDiff = Math.max(-60, Math.min(60, netPressure * 3));\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629)\n if (!state.currentHeightDiff) state.currentHeightDiff = 0;\n state.currentHeightDiff += (targetHeightDiff - state.currentHeightDiff) * 0.05;\n \n const leftLevel = height \/ 2 + state.currentHeightDiff \/ 2;\n const rightLevel = height \/ 2 - state.currentHeightDiff \/ 2;\n \n ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#9ca3af';\n ctx.lineWidth = 3;\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(leftArmX, 0);\n ctx.lineTo(leftArmX, height - bottomThickness);\n ctx.arcTo(leftArmX, height, leftArmX + bottomThickness, height, bottomThickness);\n ctx.lineTo(rightArmX + armWidth - bottomThickness, height);\n ctx.arcTo(rightArmX + armWidth, height, rightArmX + armWidth, height - bottomThickness, bottomThickness);\n ctx.lineTo(rightArmX + armWidth, 0);\n ctx.moveTo(leftArmX + armWidth, 0);\n ctx.lineTo(leftArmX + armWidth, height);\n ctx.stroke();\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\n const drawLiquid = (levelY, startX, armW) => {\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(startX, levelY);\n ctx.lineTo(startX, height - bottomThickness);\n ctx.arcTo(startX, height, startX + bottomThickness, height, bottomThickness);\n ctx.lineTo(startX + armW - bottomThickness, height);\n ctx.arcTo(startX + armW, height, startX + armW, height - bottomThickness, bottomThickness);\n ctx.lineTo(startX + armW, levelY);\n ctx.closePath();\n ctx.fillStyle = \"rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4)\";\n ctx.fill();\n };\n \n drawLiquid(leftLevel, leftArmX, armWidth);\n drawLiquid(rightLevel, rightArmX, armWidth);\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621\n ctx.fillStyle = '#475569';\n ctx.fillRect(membraneX - membraneWidth \/ 2, 0, membraneWidth, height);\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n state.particles.forEach(p => {\n p.x += p.vx;\n p.y += p.vy;\n \n const armStartX = p.x < membraneX ? leftArmX : rightArmX;\n const liquidLevel = p.x < membraneX ? leftLevel : rightLevel;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\n if (p.x < armStartX + p.radius || p.x > armStartX + armWidth - p.radius) {\n p.vx *= -1;\n }\n if (p.y > height - p.radius) {\n p.y = height - p.radius;\n p.vy *= -1;\n }\n if (p.y < liquidLevel + p.radius) {\n p.y = liquidLevel + p.radius;\n p.vy *= -1;\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637)\n if (p.x + p.radius > membraneX - membraneWidth \/ 2 && p.x - p.radius < membraneX + membraneWidth \/ 2) {\n if (p.type === 'solute') {\n p.vx *= -1;\n p.x = p.x < membraneX ? membraneX - membraneWidth \/ 2 - p.radius : membraneX + membraneWidth \/ 2 + p.radius;\n }\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, p.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\n ctx.fillStyle = p.color;\n ctx.fill();\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\n if (state.appliedPressure > 0) {\n const pressureIndicatorY = rightLevel - 10;\n ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)';\n ctx.fillRect(rightArmX, pressureIndicatorY, armWidth, 5);\n \n ctx.font = '10px Cairo';\n ctx.textAlign = 'center';\n ctx.fillText('\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642', rightArmX + armWidth \/ 2, pressureIndicatorY - 5);\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\n for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(rightArmX + armWidth \/ 2 - 15 + i * 7.5, pressureIndicatorY - 2);\n ctx.lineTo(rightArmX + armWidth \/ 2, pressureIndicatorY - 10);\n ctx.lineTo(rightArmX + armWidth \/ 2 + 15 - i * 7.5, pressureIndicatorY - 2);\n ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.5)';\n ctx.lineWidth = 1;\n ctx.stroke();\n }\n }\n \n state.animationId = requestAnimationFrame(render);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\n function setupControls() {\n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const concentrationSlider = document.getElementById('osmosis-concentration-slider');\n concentrationSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.soluteConcentration = Number(concentrationSlider.value);\n initializeParticles();\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\n const pressureSlider = document.getElementById('osmosis-pressure-slider');\n pressureSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.appliedPressure = Number(pressureSlider.value);\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\n document.getElementById('osmosis-reset-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.soluteConcentration = 4;\n state.appliedPressure = 0;\n \n concentrationSlider.value = state.soluteConcentration;\n pressureSlider.value = state.appliedPressure;\n \n initializeParticles();\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n initializeParticles();\n setupControls();\n render();\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\n return () => {\n if (state.animationId) {\n cancelAnimationFrame(state.animationId);\n }\n };\n })();\n \n console.log(\"\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d!\");\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 – \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Colligative Properties) \u0661. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Colligative Properties) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16974","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16975,"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16974\/revisions\/16975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":16974,"date":"2026-01-28T11:34:46","date_gmt":"2026-01-28T11:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/?page_id=16974"},"modified":"2026-01-28T11:34:50","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T11:34:50","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n \n \n \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 – \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cairo:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/font-awesome\/6.4.0\/css\/all.min.css\">\n <style>\n \/* \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 *\/\n \/* 1. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 (Cairo) *\/\n @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cairo:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\n\n \/* 2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637) *\/\n --accent-purple: #a855f7;\n --accent-blue: #3b82f6;\n --accent-green: #22c55e;\n --accent-yellow: #eab308;\n --accent-red: #ef4444;\n }\n\n \/* 3. \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 *\/\n body {\n font-family: 'Cairo', sans-serif;\n background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, var(--bg-gradient-start), var(--bg-gradient-end));\n color: var(--text-primary);\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n line-height: 1.6;\n direction: rtl; \/* \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 *\/\n min-height: 100vh;\n }\n\n \/* 4. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 *\/\n .lesson-container {\n max-width: 900px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n padding: 24px;\n }\n\n \/* 5. \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Header) *\/\n .lesson-header {\n background: var(--header-gradient);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 16px;\n padding: 24px;\n text-align: center;\n margin-bottom: 32px;\n box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);\n }\n\n .lesson-title {\n font-size: 2.25rem; \/* 36px *\/\n font-weight: 800;\n margin: 0 0 8px 0;\n background: linear-gradient(to right, #bfdbfe, #e9d5ff);\n -webkit-background-clip: text;\n -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;\n }\n\n .lesson-subtitle {\n color: var(--text-accent);\n font-size: 1.125rem; \/* 18px *\/\n }\n\n \/* 6. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 (Sections) *\/\n .lesson-section {\n margin-bottom: 24px;\n border-top: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n padding-top: 24px;\n }\n\n .section-title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-size: 1.5rem; \/* 24px *\/\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #fff;\n margin-bottom: 16px;\n }\n\n .section-icon {\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n }\n\n \/* 7. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (Cards & Boxes) *\/\n .info-card {\n background-color: var(--card-bg);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 12px;\n padding: 20px;\n margin-bottom: 16px;\n }\n\n \/* \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 *\/\n .card-purple { border-right: 4px solid var(--accent-purple); }\n .card-blue { border-right: 4px solid var(--accent-blue); }\n .card-green { border-right: 4px solid var(--accent-green); }\n .card-red { border-right: 4px solid var(--accent-red); }\n\n .card-title {\n font-weight: 700;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n display: block;\n }\n\n .text-purple { color: #d8b4fe; }\n .text-blue { color: #93c5fd; }\n .text-green { color: #86efac; }\n .text-yellow { color: #fde047; }\n\n \/* 8. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 (Lists) *\/\n .lesson-list {\n list-style-type: disc;\n list-style-position: inside;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n font-size: 0.95rem;\n padding-right: 10px;\n }\n\n .lesson-list li {\n margin-bottom: 6px;\n }\n\n .lesson-list li::marker {\n color: var(--accent-purple);\n }\n\n \/* 9. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Code\/Formulas) *\/\n .formula-box {\n font-family: monospace;\n background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);\n padding: 8px 12px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n color: var(--accent-yellow);\n direction: ltr; \/* \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 *\/\n display: inline-block;\n margin: 4px 0;\n }\n\n \/* 10. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 (Tables) *\/\n .lesson-table-wrapper {\n overflow-x: auto;\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 8px;\n background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n }\n\n .lesson-table {\n width: 100%;\n text-align: right;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n font-size: 0.9rem;\n }\n\n .lesson-table thead {\n background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);\n color: #fff;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n font-size: 0.85rem;\n }\n\n .lesson-table th, .lesson-table td {\n padding: 12px 16px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n }\n\n .lesson-table tr:hover {\n background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);\n }\n\n \/* 11. \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 (Simulation Container) *\/\n .simulation-box {\n background-color: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.6); \/* Slate 900 *\/\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 16px;\n padding: 24px;\n margin: 24px 0;\n text-align: center;\n box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n }\n\n \/* \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 (Scrollbar) *\/\n ::-webkit-scrollbar {\n width: 8px;\n }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\n background: #1e1b4b;\n }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n background: #4f46e5;\n border-radius: 4px;\n }\n \n \/* \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 *\/\n button {\n cursor: pointer;\n font-family: 'Cairo', sans-serif;\n }\n \n input[type=\"range\"] {\n cursor: pointer;\n }\n \n .simulation-controls {\n margin-top: 15px;\n }\n \n .canvas-container {\n display: flex;\n justify-content: center;\n margin: 15px 0;\n }\n \n .simulation-canvas {\n border-radius: 8px;\n background-color: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.8);\n }\n \n .flex {\n display: flex;\n }\n \n .grid {\n display: grid;\n }\n \n .gap-2 { gap: 0.5rem; }\n .gap-3 { gap: 0.75rem; }\n .gap-4 { gap: 1rem; }\n .gap-6 { gap: 1.5rem; }\n \n .justify-center { justify-content: center; }\n .justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }\n .items-center { align-items: center; }\n \n .w-full { width: 100%; }\n .max-w-md { max-width: 28rem; }\n .max-w-sm { max-width: 24rem; }\n .max-w-lg { max-width: 32rem; }\n \n .mx-auto { margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; }\n .mt-1 { margin-top: 0.25rem; }\n .mt-2 { margin-top: 0.5rem; }\n .mt-3 { margin-top: 0.75rem; }\n .mt-4 { margin-top: 1rem; }\n .mt-6 { margin-top: 1.5rem; }\n .mb-1 { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }\n .mb-2 { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }\n .mb-3 { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }\n .mb-4 { margin-bottom: 1rem; }\n .mb-8 { margin-bottom: 2rem; }\n .my-8 { margin-top: 2rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; }\n \n .p-1 { padding: 0.25rem; }\n .p-2 { padding: 0.5rem; }\n .p-3 { padding: 0.75rem; }\n .p-4 { padding: 1rem; }\n .p-6 { padding: 1.5rem; }\n \n .rounded { border-radius: 0.25rem; }\n .rounded-md { border-radius: 0.375rem; }\n .rounded-lg { border-radius: 0.5rem; }\n .rounded-full { border-radius: 9999px; }\n \n .bg-slate-700 { background-color: #334155; }\n .bg-slate-700\\\/50 { background-color: rgba(51, 65, 85, 0.5); }\n .bg-slate-800 { background-color: #1e293b; }\n .bg-slate-800\\\/30 { background-color: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.3); }\n .bg-slate-800\\\/40 { background-color: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.4); }\n .bg-slate-800\\\/50 { background-color: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.5); }\n .bg-slate-900 { background-color: #0f172a; }\n \n .bg-black\\\/20 { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); }\n .bg-black\\\/40 { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); }\n .bg-white\\\/5 { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); }\n .bg-white\\\/10 { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); }\n \n .bg-purple-600 { background-color: #7c3aed; }\n .bg-teal-600 { background-color: #0d9488; }\n \n .border { border-width: 1px; }\n .border-2 { border-width: 2px; }\n .border-t { border-top-width: 1px; }\n .border-l-4 { border-left-width: 4px; }\n .border-r-4 { border-right-width: 4px; }\n .border-white\\\/10 { border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); }\n .border-slate-600 { border-color: #475569; }\n .border-slate-700 { border-color: #334155; }\n .border-yellow-400 { border-color: #facc15; }\n .border-blue-500 { border-color: #3b82f6; }\n .border-green-500 { border-color: #22c55e; }\n .border-indigo-500\\\/30 { border-color: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.3); }\n \n .text-center { text-align: center; }\n .text-sm { font-size: 0.875rem; }\n .text-base { font-size: 1rem; }\n .text-lg { font-size: 1.125rem; }\n .text-xl { font-size: 1.25rem; }\n .text-2xl { font-size: 1.5rem; }\n .text-3xl { font-size: 1.875rem; }\n \n .text-white { color: #ffffff; }\n .text-white\\\/90 { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); }\n .text-slate-300 { color: #cbd5e1; }\n .text-slate-400 { color: #94a3b8; }\n .text-slate-500 { color: #64748b; }\n .text-slate-200 { color: #e2e8f0; }\n .text-purple-300 { color: #d8b4fe; }\n .text-purple-400 { color: #c084fc; }\n .text-blue-300 { color: #93c5fd; }\n .text-green-400 { color: #4ade80; }\n .text-yellow-300 { color: #fde047; }\n .text-yellow-200 { color: #fef08a; }\n .text-red-400 { color: #f87171; }\n .text-teal-300 { color: #5eead4; }\n .text-indigo-300 { color: #a5b4fc; }\n \n .font-bold { font-weight: 700; }\n .font-semibold { font-weight: 600; }\n .font-mono { font-family: monospace; }\n \n .transition-colors { transition-property: color, background-color, border-color; transition-duration: 150ms; }\n .transition-all { transition-property: all; transition-duration: 150ms; }\n \n .grid-cols-1 { grid-template-columns: repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n .grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n .md\\:grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n .md\\:grid-cols-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n \n .flex-col { flex-direction: column; }\n .md\\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }\n \n .space-y-1 > * + * { margin-top: 0.25rem; }\n .space-y-2 > * + * { margin-top: 0.5rem; }\n .space-y-3 > * + * { margin-top: 0.75rem; }\n .space-y-4 > * + * { margin-top: 1rem; }\n .space-y-6 > * + * { margin-top: 1.5rem; }\n \n .leading-relaxed { line-height: 1.625; }\n \n .appearance-none { appearance: none; }\n \n .accent-purple-400 { accent-color: #c084fc; }\n .accent-teal-400 { accent-color: #2dd4bf; }\n \n .hover\\:bg-slate-600:hover { background-color: #475569; }\n .hover\\:bg-slate-600\\\/50:hover { background-color: rgba(71, 85, 105, 0.5); }\n .hover\\:bg-white\\\/10:hover { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); }\n .hover\\:bg-purple-700:hover { background-color: #6d28d9; }\n \n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .md\\:grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n .md\\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"lesson-container\">\n <header class=\"lesson-header\">\n <h1 class=\"lesson-title\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/h1>\n <p class=\"lesson-subtitle\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Colligative Properties)<\/p>\n <\/header>\n \n <main dir=\"rtl\">\n <div class=\"space-y-6\">\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-flask-vial section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0661. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Colligative Properties)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg border border-slate-700\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 marker:text-purple-400 text-sm sm:text-base mt-2\">\n <li>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong class=\"text-white\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n <li>\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mt-4\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n <ol class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 marker:text-purple-400 text-sm sm:text-base mt-2\">\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-tachometer-alt section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a (Vapor Pressure Lowering)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/li>\n <li>\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631.<\/li>\n <li>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"mt-3 text-sm\"><strong class=\"text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"vapor-pressure-lowering-graph-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n <div id=\"vapor-pressure-lowering-graph\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-thermometer-three-quarters section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (Boiling Point Elevation)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li>\u064a\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n <li>\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mt-4 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n <div class=\"my-2 p-3 bg-black\/20 rounded font-mono text-yellow-300 text-center text-lg\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = K<sub>b<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i<\/div>\n <p class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm mt-1\">\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">\u0394T<sub>b<\/sub><\/code>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">K<sub>b<\/sub><\/code>: \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">m<\/code>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0648\u0644\/\u0643\u062c\u0645)<\/li>\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">i<\/code>: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641 (\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628)<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg mt-4\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632:<\/h3>\n <div class=\"space-y-2\">\n <div class=\"my-2 p-3 bg-black\/20 rounded font-mono text-yellow-300 text-center text-sm\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (mol) = \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (g) \/ \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (g\/mol)<\/div>\n <div class=\"my-2 p-3 bg-black\/20 rounded font-mono text-yellow-300 text-center text-sm\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a (m) = \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (mol) \/ \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 (kg)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg mt-4\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641 (i)<\/h3>\n <p class=\"text-sm text-slate-300 mb-3\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3\">\n <div class=\"bg-black\/20 p-3 rounded-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-semibold text-white mb-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0629 (Non-electrolytes)<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-xs text-slate-400 mb-2\">\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643.<\/p>\n <p class=\"font-mono text-yellow-300\">i = 1<\/p>\n <p class=\"text-xs text-slate-300 mt-1\"><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 (C\u2081\u2082H\u2082\u2082O\u2081\u2081), \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (CO(NH\u2082)\u2082)<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bg-black\/20 p-3 rounded-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-semibold text-white mb-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0629 (Electrolytes)<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-xs text-slate-400 mb-2\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <p class=\"font-mono text-yellow-300\">i > 1<\/p>\n <p class=\"text-xs text-slate-300 mt-1\"><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n <ul class=\"text-xs text-slate-300 mt-1 space-y-1 font-mono\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <li>NaCl \u2192 Na\u207a + Cl\u207b (i=2)<\/li>\n <li>CaCl\u2082 \u2192 Ca\u00b2\u207a + 2Cl\u207b (i=3)<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-3 text-xs text-slate-400 p-2 bg-slate-900\/40 rounded-md\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 ‘i’\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f).<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"boiling-point-constants-table-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (K_b) \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n <div id=\"boiling-point-constants-table\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"boiling-point-elevation-simulation-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n <div id=\"boiling-point-elevation-simulation\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"mt-4 bg-slate-800 p-4 rounded-lg border-r-4 border-green-500\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-green-400 mb-2 flex items-center gap-2 text-sm\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-pen\"><\/i> \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\n <\/h4>\n <div class=\"space-y-4\">\n <div>\n <p class=\"text-slate-300 mb-2 text-sm\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1 (\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a):<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 34.2 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c C\u2081\u2082H\u2082\u2082O\u2081\u2081, \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 = 342 g\/mol) \u0641\u064a 200 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. (K<sub>b<\/sub> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 = 0.512 \u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol)<\/p>\n <div class=\"font-mono text-xs sm:text-sm text-green-100 bg-black\/40 p-3 rounded-md leading-relaxed\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <p>1. Moles of solute = 34.2 g \/ 342 g\/mol = 0.1 mol<\/p>\n <p>2. Mass of solvent (kg) = 200 g \/ 1000 = 0.2 kg<\/p>\n <p>3. Molality (m) = 0.1 mol \/ 0.2 kg = 0.5 m<\/p>\n <p>4. Van ‘t Hoff factor (i) = 1 (since sucrose is a non-electrolyte)<\/p>\n <p>5. \u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = K<sub>b<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i = 0.512 \u00d7 0.5 \u00d7 1 = 0.256 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <p>6. New Boiling Point = 100 \u00b0C + 0.256 \u00b0C = 100.256 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"text-slate-300 mb-2 text-sm\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2 (\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a):<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 11.7 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 (NaCl\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 = 58.5 g\/mol) \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a 500 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/p>\n <div class=\"font-mono text-xs sm:text-sm text-green-100 bg-black\/40 p-3 rounded-md leading-relaxed\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <p>1. Moles of solute = 11.7 g \/ 58.5 g\/mol = 0.2 mol<\/p>\n <p>2. Mass of solvent (kg) = 500 g \/ 1000 = 0.5 kg<\/p>\n <p>3. Molality (m) = 0.2 mol \/ 0.5 kg = 0.4 m<\/p>\n <p>4. Van ‘t Hoff factor (i) = 2 (since NaCl \u2192 Na\u207a + Cl\u207b)<\/p>\n <p>5. \u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = K<sub>b<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i = 0.512 \u00d7 0.4 \u00d7 2 = 0.4096 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <p>6. New Boiling Point = 100 \u00b0C + 0.4096 \u00b0C \u2248 100.41 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-snowflake section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f (Freezing Point Depression)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li>\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n <li>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mt-4 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n <div class=\"my-2 p-3 bg-black\/20 rounded font-mono text-yellow-300 text-center text-lg\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0394T<sub>f<\/sub> = K<sub>f<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i<\/div>\n <p class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm mt-1\">\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">\u0394T<sub>f<\/sub><\/code>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/li>\n <li><code class=\"formula-box\">K<sub>f<\/sub><\/code>: \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mt-4 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642: \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d (NaCl) \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CaCl\u2082).<\/li>\n <li>\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"freezing-point-constants-table-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f (K_f) \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n <div id=\"freezing-point-constants-table\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"freezing-point-depression-simulation-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/h3>\n <div id=\"freezing-point-depression-simulation\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"mt-4 bg-slate-800 p-4 rounded-lg border-r-4 border-green-500\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-green-400 mb-2 flex items-center gap-2 text-sm\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-pen\"><\/i> \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\n <\/h4>\n <div class=\"space-y-4\">\n <div>\n <p class=\"text-slate-300 mb-2 text-sm\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1 (\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a):<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 18 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632 (C\u2086H\u2081\u2082O\u2086\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 = 180 g\/mol) \u0641\u064a 250 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. (K<sub>f<\/sub> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 = 1.86 \u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol)<\/p>\n <div class=\"font-mono text-xs sm:text-sm text-green-100 bg-black\/40 p-3 rounded-md leading-relaxed\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <p>1. Moles of solute = 18 g \/ 180 g\/mol = 0.1 mol<\/p>\n <p>2. Mass of solvent (kg) = 250 g \/ 1000 = 0.25 kg<\/p>\n <p>3. Molality (m) = 0.1 mol \/ 0.25 kg = 0.4 m<\/p>\n <p>4. Van ‘t Hoff factor (i) = 1 (non-electrolyte)<\/p>\n <p>5. \u0394T<sub>f<\/sub> = K<sub>f<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i = 1.86 \u00d7 0.4 \u00d7 1 = 0.744 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <p>6. New Freezing Point = 0 \u00b0C – 0.744 \u00b0C = -0.744 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"text-slate-300 mb-2 text-sm\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2 (\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a):<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 11.1 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CaCl\u2082\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 = 111 g\/mol) \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a 500 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n <div class=\"font-mono text-xs sm:text-sm text-green-100 bg-black\/40 p-3 rounded-md leading-relaxed\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <p>1. Moles of solute = 11.1 g \/ 111 g\/mol = 0.1 mol<\/p>\n <p>2. Mass of solvent (kg) = 500 g \/ 1000 = 0.5 kg<\/p>\n <p>3. Molality (m) = 0.1 mol \/ 0.5 kg = 0.2 m<\/p>\n <p>4. Van ‘t Hoff factor (i) = 3 (since CaCl\u2082 \u2192 Ca\u00b2\u207a + 2Cl\u207b)<\/p>\n <p>5. \u0394T<sub>f<\/sub> = K<sub>f<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i = 1.86 \u00d7 0.2 \u00d7 3 = 1.116 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <p>6. New Freezing Point = 0 \u00b0C – 1.116 \u00b0C = -1.116 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-exchange-alt section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0665. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a (Osmotic Pressure)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li><strong class=\"text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n <li><strong class=\"text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mt-4 mb-2\">\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"simulation-box\" id=\"osmosis-simulation-container\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90 mb-4\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a<\/h3>\n <div id=\"osmosis-simulation\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-atom section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0666. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (\u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 vs \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646)\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg\">\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\/90 mb-2\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list space-y-1 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <li><strong class=\"text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 NaCl):<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2190 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u2190 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n <li><strong class=\"text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632):<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u2190 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u2190 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <div class=\"mt-4 bg-slate-800 p-4 rounded-lg border-r-4 border-green-500\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-green-400 mb-2 flex items-center gap-2 text-sm\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-pen\"><\/i> \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\n <\/h4>\n <div class=\"font-mono text-xs sm:text-sm text-green-100 bg-black\/40 p-3 rounded-md space-y-2\" dir=\"ltr\">\n <p>\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 NaCl (0.1 m):<br> i = 2 \u2192 \u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = 0.512 \u00d7 0.1 \u00d7 2 = 0.1024 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <p>\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 C\u2086H\u2081\u2082O\u2086 (0.1 m):<br> i = 1 \u2192 \u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = 0.512 \u00d7 0.1 \u00d7 1 = 0.0512 \u00b0C<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-cogs section-icon\"><\/i>\n \u0667. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629:\n <\/h2>\n <ol class=\"lesson-list space-y-2 text-slate-300 marker:text-purple-400 bg-slate-800\/50 p-4 rounded-lg text-sm sm:text-base\">\n <li><strong>\u0637\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"info-card\">\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-calculator section-icon\"><\/i>\n 📝 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"overflow-x-auto bg-black\/20 rounded-lg border border-white\/10\">\n <table class=\"lesson-table\">\n <thead class=\"bg-white\/10 text-xs text-slate-200 uppercase tracking-wider\">\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr class=\"border-b border-white\/10\">\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-bold\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono text-yellow-300\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0394T<sub>b<\/sub> = K<sub>b<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-bold\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/td>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono text-yellow-300\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0394T<sub>f<\/sub> = K<sub>f<\/sub> \u00d7 m \u00d7 i<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"bg-yellow-900\/20 p-4 rounded-xl border-l-4 border-yellow-400 mt-6\">\n <h2 class=\"text-xl font-semibold text-yellow-300 mb-3 flex items-center gap-2\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-question-circle\"><\/i>\n 🔍 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"space-y-4 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <p>1. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n <p>2. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n <p>3. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 NaCl \u0648C\u2086H\u2081\u2082O\u2086 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/p>\n <p>4. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629)\u061f<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"bg-blue-900\/20 p-4 rounded-xl border-l-4 border-blue-400 mt-6\">\n <h2 class=\"text-xl font-semibold text-blue-300 mb-3 flex items-center gap-2\">\n <i class=\"fas fa-lightbulb\"><\/i>\n 🎯 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\n <\/h2>\n <div class=\"space-y-4 text-slate-300 text-sm\">\n <p><strong>\u0661. \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u2190 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a | \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u2190 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u2190 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u063a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n <div>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\">\u0662. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629:<\/h3>\n <table class=\"w-full text-xs text-center text-slate-300 mt-1\">\n <thead class=\"bg-black\/20\"><tr><th class=\"p-1\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"p-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a<\/th><th class=\"p-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"p-1\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"p-1\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"p-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td class=\"p-1\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <p><strong>\u0663. \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628:<\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 (NaCl, CaCl\u2082) \u2190 i > 1 \u2190 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 | \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 (\u0633\u0643\u0631) \u2190 i = 1 \u2190 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n <div>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\">\u0664. \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644:<\/h3>\n <ol class=\"lesson-list mt-1\">\n <li>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/li>\n <li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0394T).<\/li>\n <li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641 (i).<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <h3 class=\"font-bold text-white\">⚡ \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638:<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"lesson-list mt-1\">\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u2190 <strong class=\"text-white\">\u064a\u0642\u0644<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n <li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u2190 <strong class=\"text-white\">\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n <li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u2190 <strong class=\"text-white\">\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u2190 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n <\/div>\n <\/main>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <script>\n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 1. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('boiling-point-elevation-simulation');\n if (!container) return;\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"not-prose my-8 p-4 sm:p-6 bg-black\/20 rounded-lg border border-white\/10\">\n <div class=\"flex justify-between items-center mb-2\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n <button id=\"bp-reset-btn\" class=\"p-2 rounded-full hover:bg-white\/10 transition-colors text-2xl font-bold text-slate-400\" aria-label=\"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\">\u27f3<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"relative flex justify-center items-center\">\n <canvas id=\"bp-canvas\" width=\"450\" height=\"350\" class=\"rounded-md\"><\/canvas>\n <div class=\"absolute top-2 left-1\/2 -translate-x-1\/2\" id=\"bp-pressure-gauge\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"absolute -bottom-8 left-1\/2 -translate-x-1\/2\">\n <span id=\"bp-fire-icon\" class=\"text-orange-400 text-4xl transition-all duration-300\" style=\"opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.5)\">🔥<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"bp-status-text\" class=\"mt-4 text-center p-3 rounded-md transition-colors bg-slate-800\/40\">\n <p id=\"bp-status-text-content\" class=\"font-bold text-slate-300\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-3 gap-4 mt-4 border-t border-white\/10 pt-4\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"bp-heating-slider\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/label>\n <div class=\"flex items-center gap-3\">\n <button id=\"bp-heating-decrease\" class=\"p-1 rounded-full bg-slate-700 hover:bg-slate-600 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-colors\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\">\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"h-5 w-5 text-slate-200\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n <path fillRule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M5 10a1 1 0 011-1h8a1 1 0 110 2H6a1 1 0 01-1-1z\" clipRule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n <\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <input id=\"bp-heating-slider\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"10\" step=\"1\" value=\"0\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-red-400\" \/>\n <button id=\"bp-heating-increase\" class=\"p-1 rounded-full bg-slate-700 hover:bg-slate-600 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-colors\" aria-label=\"\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\">\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"h-5 w-5 text-slate-200\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n <path fillRule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10 5a1 1 0 011 1v3h3a1 1 0 110 2h-3v3a1 1 0 11-2 0v-3H6a1 1 0 110-2h3V6a1 1 0 011-1z\" clipRule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n <\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p id=\"bp-temperature-display\" class=\"text-center text-sm mt-1\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: <span class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">20 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label for=\"bp-solute-amount\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/label>\n <input id=\"bp-solute-amount\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"10\" step=\"1\" value=\"0\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-orange-400\" \/>\n <p id=\"bp-boiling-point-display\" class=\"text-center text-sm mt-1\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646: <span class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">100.0 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/label>\n <div id=\"bp-solute-buttons\" class=\"flex gap-1 p-1 bg-slate-700\/50 rounded-lg\">\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-4 text-sm text-center text-slate-400 p-3 bg-slate-800\/40 rounded-md\">\n \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 <span class=\"font-bold text-green-300\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0649 <span class=\"font-bold text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/span>. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 <span class=\"font-bold text-orange-400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/span> \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n `;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const SOLUTES = {\n sucrose: { name: '\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631', formula: 'C\u2081\u2082H\u2082\u2082O\u2081\u2081', i: 1, color: '#f97316' },\n nacl: { name: '\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d', formula: 'NaCl', i: 2, color: '#fde047' }\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const soluteButtonsContainer = document.getElementById('bp-solute-buttons');\n Object.keys(SOLUTES).forEach(key => {\n const solute = SOLUTES[key];\n const button = document.createElement('button');\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-slate-300 hover:bg-slate-600\/50';\n button.textContent = `${solute.name} (i=${solute.i})`;\n button.dataset.key = key;\n soluteButtonsContainer.appendChild(button);\n });\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n let state = {\n heatingLevel: 0,\n soluteConcentration: 0,\n soluteType: 'sucrose',\n vaporPressure: 0,\n temperature: 20,\n particles: [],\n animationId: null\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n const ATMOSPHERIC_PRESSURE = 100;\n const width = 450;\n const height = 350;\n const liquidSurfaceY = height - 150;\n const numSolventSurfaceSpots = 20;\n \n \/\/ \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\n const pressureGaugeContainer = document.getElementById('bp-pressure-gauge');\n pressureGaugeContainer.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"relative w-40 h-24 flex flex-col items-center\">\n <svg id=\"bp-gauge-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 55\" class=\"w-full h-full\">\n <path d=\"M 10 50 A 40 40 0 0 1 90 50\" stroke=\"#475569\" strokeWidth=\"8\" fill=\"none\" strokeLinecap=\"round\" \/>\n <path id=\"bp-gauge-value\" d=\"M 10 50 A 40 40 0 0 1 90 50\" stroke=\"url(#bp-vpGradientElev)\" strokeWidth=\"8\" fill=\"none\" strokeLinecap=\"round\" strokeDasharray=\"125.6\" strokeDashoffset=\"125.6\" class=\"transition-all duration-300\" \/>\n <g id=\"bp-atmospheric-marker\" transform=\"rotate(-90 50 50)\">\n <line x1=\"50\" y1=\"10\" x2=\"50\" y2=\"2\" stroke=\"white\" strokeWidth=\"2\" strokeLinecap=\"round\" \/>\n <\/g>\n <g id=\"bp-needle\" transform=\"rotate(-90 50 50)\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300\">\n <path d=\"M 50 50 L 50 15\" stroke=\"white\" strokeWidth=\"2\" strokeLinecap=\"round\" \/>\n <\/g>\n <circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n <defs>\n <linearGradient id=\"bp-vpGradientElev\" x1=\"0%\" y1=\"0%\" x2=\"100%\" y2=\"0%\">\n <stop offset=\"0%\" stopColor=\"#34d399\" \/>\n <stop offset=\"100%\" stopColor=\"#ef4444\" \/>\n <\/linearGradient>\n <\/defs>\n <\/svg>\n <div class=\"absolute -bottom-8 text-center\">\n <p class=\"text-sm font-semibold text-slate-300\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n <p id=\"bp-vapor-pressure-display\" class=\"text-lg font-mono font-bold text-green-300\">0<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\n function calculateBoilingPoint() {\n const Kb = 0.512;\n const molality = (state.soluteConcentration \/ 10) * 2;\n const elevation = SOLUTES[state.soluteType].i * Kb * molality;\n return 100 + elevation;\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\n function updatePressureGauge() {\n const maxGauge = ATMOSPHERIC_PRESSURE * 1.5;\n const vpAngle = Math.min(180, (state.vaporPressure \/ maxGauge) * 180) - 90;\n const apAngle = Math.min(180, (ATMOSPHERIC_PRESSURE \/ maxGauge) * 180) - 90;\n \n const gaugeValue = document.getElementById('bp-gauge-value');\n const atmosphericMarker = document.getElementById('bp-atmospheric-marker');\n const needle = document.getElementById('bp-needle');\n const vaporPressureDisplay = document.getElementById('bp-vapor-pressure-display');\n \n const strokeDashoffset = 125.6 * (1 - Math.min(1, state.vaporPressure \/ maxGauge));\n gaugeValue.style.strokeDashoffset = strokeDashoffset;\n \n atmosphericMarker.setAttribute('transform', `rotate(${apAngle} 50 50)`);\n needle.setAttribute('transform', `rotate(${vpAngle} 50 50)`);\n vaporPressureDisplay.textContent = state.vaporPressure.toFixed(0);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\n function updateUI() {\n const boilingPoint = calculateBoilingPoint();\n const isBoiling = state.vaporPressure >= ATMOSPHERIC_PRESSURE;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\n const temperatureDisplay = document.getElementById('bp-temperature-display');\n temperatureDisplay.innerHTML = `\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: <span class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">${state.temperature.toFixed(0)} \u00b0C<\/span>`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\n const boilingPointDisplay = document.getElementById('bp-boiling-point-display');\n boilingPointDisplay.innerHTML = `\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646: <span class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">${boilingPoint.toFixed(1)} \u00b0C<\/span>`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\n const statusText = document.getElementById('bp-status-text-content');\n const statusContainer = document.getElementById('bp-status-text');\n \n let status = '';\n if (isBoiling) {\n status = `\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f ${state.temperature.toFixed(0)}\u00b0C!`;\n statusContainer.className = 'mt-4 text-center p-3 rounded-md transition-colors bg-green-500\/20';\n statusText.className = 'font-bold text-green-300 animate-pulse';\n } else if (state.temperature >= boilingPoint) {\n status = `\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646... \u0632\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b!`;\n statusContainer.className = 'mt-4 text-center p-3 rounded-md transition-colors bg-slate-800\/40';\n statusText.className = 'font-bold text-slate-300';\n } else if (state.heatingLevel > 0) {\n status = '\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.';\n statusContainer.className = 'mt-4 text-center p-3 rounded-md transition-colors bg-slate-800\/40';\n statusText.className = 'font-bold text-slate-300';\n } else {\n status = '\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629.';\n statusContainer.className = 'mt-4 text-center p-3 rounded-md transition-colors bg-slate-800\/40';\n statusText.className = 'font-bold text-slate-300';\n }\n statusText.textContent = status;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\n const fireIcon = document.getElementById('bp-fire-icon');\n fireIcon.style.opacity = state.heatingLevel \/ 15;\n fireIcon.style.transform = `scale(${0.5 + state.heatingLevel * 0.1})`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n document.querySelectorAll('#bp-solute-buttons button').forEach(button => {\n const key = button.dataset.key;\n if (key === state.soluteType) {\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-black';\n button.style.backgroundColor = SOLUTES[key].color;\n } else {\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-slate-300 hover:bg-slate-600\/50';\n button.style.backgroundColor = '';\n }\n });\n \n updatePressureGauge();\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n function initializeParticles() {\n state.particles = [];\n let idCounter = 0;\n \n const surfaceSpots = Array.from({ length: numSolventSurfaceSpots }, (_, i) => i);\n const numSolute = Math.floor(state.soluteConcentration * 1.5);\n \n for (let i = 0; i < numSolute; i++) {\n const spotIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * surfaceSpots.length);\n const spot = surfaceSpots.splice(spotIndex, 1)[0];\n if (spot === undefined) break;\n \n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n x: (spot \/ (numSolventSurfaceSpots - 1)) * (width - 100) + 50,\n y: liquidSurfaceY,\n vx: 0, vy: 0,\n phase: 'solute_surface',\n radius: 6,\n });\n }\n \n for (const spot of surfaceSpots) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n x: (spot \/ (numSolventSurfaceSpots - 1)) * (width - 100) + 50,\n y: liquidSurfaceY,\n vx: 0, vy: 0,\n phase: 'liquid_surface',\n radius: 4,\n });\n }\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n function render() {\n const canvas = document.getElementById('bp-canvas');\n const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');\n if (!ctx) return;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\n state.temperature = 90 + state.heatingLevel * 1.5;\n \n ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#9ca3af';\n ctx.lineWidth = 3;\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(10, 50);\n ctx.lineTo(10, height - 40);\n ctx.quadraticCurveTo(width \/ 2, height - 20, width - 10, height - 40);\n ctx.lineTo(width - 10, 50);\n ctx.stroke();\n ctx.fillStyle = \"rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.2)\";\n ctx.fillRect(12, liquidSurfaceY, width - 24, height - liquidSurfaceY - 30);\n \n const nextParticles = [];\n let vaporCount = 0;\n const boilingPoint = calculateBoilingPoint();\n const selectedSolute = SOLUTES[state.soluteType];\n \n state.particles.forEach(p => {\n if (p.phase === 'liquid_surface') {\n p.y = liquidSurfaceY + Math.sin(p.x + Date.now() \/ 200) * (state.heatingLevel \/ 5);\n if (Math.random() < state.heatingLevel * 0.001) {\n nextParticles.push({ ...p, phase: 'vapor', vy: -1 - Math.random(), vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 2 });\n } else {\n nextParticles.push(p);\n }\n } else if (p.phase === 'solute_surface') {\n p.y = liquidSurfaceY + Math.sin(p.x + Date.now() \/ 300) * (state.heatingLevel \/ 10);\n nextParticles.push(p);\n } else if (p.phase === 'vapor') {\n p.x += p.vx;\n p.y += p.vy;\n if (p.y > liquidSurfaceY && Math.random() < 0.01) {\n const spotX = (Math.round(((p.x - 50) \/ (width - 100)) * (numSolventSurfaceSpots - 1)) \/ (numSolventSurfaceSpots - 1)) * (width - 100) + 50;\n const isOccupied = state.particles.some(sp => sp.phase !== 'vapor' && Math.abs(sp.x - spotX) < 10);\n if (!isOccupied) {\n nextParticles.push({ ...p, phase: 'liquid_surface', y: liquidSurfaceY, x: spotX, vx: 0, vy: 0 });\n } else {\n nextParticles.push(p);\n }\n } else if (p.y < 10 || p.x < 10 || p.x > width - 10) {\n \/\/ \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\n } else {\n vaporCount++;\n nextParticles.push(p);\n }\n } else if (p.phase === 'bubble') {\n p.y += p.vy;\n p.radius += 0.2;\n if (p.life) p.life--;\n if (p.y < liquidSurfaceY || (p.life && p.life <= 0)) {\n for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {\n nextParticles.push({ ...p, id: p.id + 1000 + i, phase: 'vapor', vy: -1 - Math.random(), vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 2, radius: 4 });\n }\n } else {\n nextParticles.push(p);\n }\n }\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\n if (state.temperature >= boilingPoint && Math.random() < state.heatingLevel * 0.02) {\n nextParticles.push({\n id: Date.now() + Math.random(),\n x: Math.random() * (width - 100) + 50,\n y: height - 50,\n vx: 0, vy: -1,\n phase: 'bubble',\n radius: 2,\n life: 100\n });\n }\n \n state.particles = nextParticles;\n state.vaporPressure = vaporCount * 2;\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n state.particles.forEach(p => {\n ctx.beginPath();\n if (p.phase === 'liquid_surface') {\n ctx.fillStyle = '#38bdf8';\n } else if (p.phase === 'solute_surface') {\n ctx.fillStyle = selectedSolute.color;\n } else if (p.phase === 'vapor') {\n ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.7)';\n } else if (p.phase === 'bubble') {\n ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)';\n ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;\n ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, p.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\n ctx.stroke();\n return;\n }\n ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, p.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\n ctx.fill();\n });\n \n updateUI();\n state.animationId = requestAnimationFrame(render);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\n function setupControls() {\n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\n const heatingSlider = document.getElementById('bp-heating-slider');\n const heatingDecrease = document.getElementById('bp-heating-decrease');\n const heatingIncrease = document.getElementById('bp-heating-increase');\n \n heatingDecrease.addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.heatingLevel = Math.max(0, state.heatingLevel - 1);\n heatingSlider.value = state.heatingLevel;\n heatingDecrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel <= 0;\n heatingIncrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel >= 10;\n });\n \n heatingIncrease.addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.heatingLevel = Math.min(10, state.heatingLevel + 1);\n heatingSlider.value = state.heatingLevel;\n heatingDecrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel <= 0;\n heatingIncrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel >= 10;\n });\n \n heatingSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.heatingLevel = Number(heatingSlider.value);\n heatingDecrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel <= 0;\n heatingIncrease.disabled = state.heatingLevel >= 10;\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const soluteAmountSlider = document.getElementById('bp-solute-amount');\n soluteAmountSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.soluteConcentration = Number(soluteAmountSlider.value);\n initializeParticles();\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n document.querySelectorAll('#bp-solute-buttons button').forEach(button => {\n button.addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.soluteType = button.dataset.key;\n updateUI();\n });\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\n document.getElementById('bp-reset-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.heatingLevel = 0;\n state.soluteConcentration = 0;\n state.soluteType = 'sucrose';\n \n heatingSlider.value = state.heatingLevel;\n soluteAmountSlider.value = state.soluteConcentration;\n heatingDecrease.disabled = true;\n heatingIncrease.disabled = false;\n \n initializeParticles();\n updateUI();\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n initializeParticles();\n setupControls();\n render();\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\n return () => {\n if (state.animationId) {\n cancelAnimationFrame(state.animationId);\n }\n };\n })();\n \n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 2. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('freezing-point-depression-simulation');\n if (!container) return;\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"not-prose my-8 p-4 sm:p-6 bg-black\/20 rounded-lg border border-white\/10\">\n <div class=\"flex justify-between items-center mb-4\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/h3>\n <button id=\"fp-reset-btn\" class=\"p-2 rounded-full hover:bg-white\/10 transition-colors text-2xl font-bold text-slate-400\" aria-label=\"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\">\u27f3<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"relative\">\n <canvas id=\"fp-canvas\" width=\"450\" height=\"350\" class=\"rounded-md\"><\/canvas>\n <div class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full flex justify-around items-start pointer-events-none\">\n <div id=\"fp-beaker-left\" class=\"flex flex-col items-center\">\n <h4 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/h4>\n <div class=\"mt-2 text-sm\">\n <p class=\"text-slate-300\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: <span id=\"fp-temp-left\" class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">10.0 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <p class=\"text-slate-400\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f: <span id=\"fp-freezing-left\" class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\/80\">-0.0 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"relative w-24 h-20 mt-1 flex justify-center items-center\">\n <span id=\"fp-frost-left\" class=\"text-4xl text-blue-300 transition-all duration-300\" style=\"opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.5)\">❄️<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"fp-freezing-left-status\" class=\"mt-2 px-3 py-1 text-sm font-bold rounded-full hidden\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"fp-beaker-right\" class=\"flex flex-col items-center\">\n <h4 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a<\/h4>\n <div class=\"mt-2 text-sm\">\n <p class=\"text-slate-300\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: <span id=\"fp-temp-right\" class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\">10.0 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <p class=\"text-slate-400\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f: <span id=\"fp-freezing-right\" class=\"font-mono font-bold text-white\/80\">0.0 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"relative w-24 h-20 mt-1 flex justify-center items-center\">\n <span id=\"fp-frost-right\" class=\"text-4xl text-blue-300 transition-all duration-300\" style=\"opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.5)\">❄️<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"fp-freezing-right-status\" class=\"mt-2 px-3 py-1 text-sm font-bold rounded-full hidden\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-3 gap-4 mt-2 border-t border-white\/10 pt-4\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"fp-temperature-slider\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/label>\n <input id=\"fp-temperature-slider\" type=\"range\" min=\"-20\" max=\"20\" step=\"0.5\" value=\"10\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-blue-400\" \/>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label for=\"fp-solute-conc\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/label>\n <input id=\"fp-solute-conc\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"10\" step=\"1\" value=\"2\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-orange-400\" \/>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641)<\/label>\n <div id=\"fp-solute-buttons\" class=\"flex gap-1 p-1 bg-slate-700\/50 rounded-lg\">\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"mt-4 text-center p-3 bg-slate-800\/40 rounded-md\">\n <p id=\"fp-depression-display\" class=\"text-lg font-bold text-white\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644: <span class=\"font-mono text-sky-300\">-0.00 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n <p class=\"mt-2 text-sm text-slate-400\">\n \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631)\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const SOLUTES = {\n sucrose: { name: '\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 (\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a)', formula: 'C\u2081\u2082H\u2082\u2082O\u2081\u2081', i: 1, color: '#f97316' },\n nacl: { name: '\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a)', formula: 'NaCl', i: 2, color: '#fde047' },\n cacl2: { name: '\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a)', formula: 'CaCl\u2082', i: 3, color: '#ec4899' }\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const soluteButtonsContainer = document.getElementById('fp-solute-buttons');\n Object.keys(SOLUTES).forEach(key => {\n const solute = SOLUTES[key];\n const button = document.createElement('button');\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-slate-300 hover:bg-slate-600\/50';\n button.textContent = `${solute.formula} (i=${solute.i})`;\n button.dataset.key = key;\n soluteButtonsContainer.appendChild(button);\n });\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n let state = {\n temperature: 10,\n soluteConcentration: 2,\n soluteType: 'sucrose',\n particles: [],\n animationId: null\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n const width = 450;\n const height = 350;\n const beakerWidth = 200;\n const liquidLevel = height - 150;\n const numSolventParticles = 50;\n const maxSoluteParticles = 15;\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\n const freezingPointPure = 0;\n const Kf = 1.86;\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\n function calculateFreezingPoint() {\n const selectedSolute = SOLUTES[state.soluteType];\n const molality = (state.soluteConcentration \/ 10) * 2;\n const freezingPointDepression = selectedSolute.i * Kf * molality;\n const freezingPointSolution = freezingPointPure - freezingPointDepression;\n \n return {\n depression: freezingPointDepression,\n solution: freezingPointSolution,\n pure: freezingPointPure\n };\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\n function updateUI() {\n const freezingPoints = calculateFreezingPoint();\n const isPureFreezing = state.temperature <= freezingPoints.pure;\n const isSolutionFreezing = state.temperature <= freezingPoints.solution;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\n document.getElementById('fp-temp-left').textContent = `${state.temperature.toFixed(1)} \u00b0C`;\n document.getElementById('fp-temp-right').textContent = `${state.temperature.toFixed(1)} \u00b0C`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\n document.getElementById('fp-freezing-left').textContent = `${freezingPoints.solution.toFixed(1)} \u00b0C`;\n document.getElementById('fp-freezing-right').textContent = `${freezingPoints.pure.toFixed(1)} \u00b0C`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\n document.getElementById('fp-depression-display').innerHTML = `\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644: <span class=\"font-mono text-sky-300\">-${freezingPoints.depression.toFixed(2)} \u00b0C<\/span>`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u064a\u0639\n const frostOpacityLeft = Math.max(0, (1 - (state.temperature + 10) \/ 20));\n const frostOpacityRight = Math.max(0, (1 - (state.temperature + 10) \/ 20));\n \n document.getElementById('fp-frost-left').style.opacity = frostOpacityLeft * 1.5;\n document.getElementById('fp-frost-left').style.transform = `scale(${0.5 + frostOpacityLeft})`;\n \n document.getElementById('fp-frost-right').style.opacity = frostOpacityRight * 1.5;\n document.getElementById('fp-frost-right').style.transform = `scale(${0.5 + frostOpacityRight})`;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\n const freezingLeftStatus = document.getElementById('fp-freezing-left-status');\n const freezingRightStatus = document.getElementById('fp-freezing-right-status');\n \n if (isSolutionFreezing) {\n freezingLeftStatus.className = 'mt-2 px-3 py-1 bg-blue-500\/20 text-blue-300 text-sm font-bold rounded-full animate-pulse';\n freezingLeftStatus.textContent = '\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f';\n freezingLeftStatus.classList.remove('hidden');\n } else {\n freezingLeftStatus.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n \n if (isPureFreezing) {\n freezingRightStatus.className = 'mt-2 px-3 py-1 bg-blue-500\/20 text-blue-300 text-sm font-bold rounded-full animate-pulse';\n freezingRightStatus.textContent = '\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f';\n freezingRightStatus.classList.remove('hidden');\n } else {\n freezingRightStatus.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n document.querySelectorAll('#fp-solute-buttons button').forEach(button => {\n const key = button.dataset.key;\n if (key === state.soluteType) {\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-black';\n button.style.backgroundColor = SOLUTES[key].color;\n } else {\n button.className = 'flex-1 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md transition-colors text-slate-300 hover:bg-slate-600\/50';\n button.style.backgroundColor = '';\n }\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n function initializeParticles() {\n state.particles = [];\n let idCounter = 0;\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\n const createGridTargets = (offsetX) => {\n const targets = [];\n const rows = 5, cols = 10, spacing = 20;\n for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {\n for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {\n targets.push({\n x: offsetX + 25 + j * spacing + (i % 2) * spacing \/ 2,\n y: liquidLevel + 20 + i * spacing\n });\n }\n }\n return targets;\n };\n \n const solutionOffsetX = 0;\n const pureOffsetX = width - beakerWidth;\n \n const pureTargets = createGridTargets(pureOffsetX);\n const solutionTargets = createGridTargets(solutionOffsetX);\n const selectedSolute = SOLUTES[state.soluteType];\n const numSolute = Math.floor((state.soluteConcentration \/ 10) * maxSoluteParticles);\n \n \/\/ \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649)\n for (let i = 0; i < numSolventParticles; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n beaker: 'solution',\n x: solutionOffsetX + 20 + Math.random() * (beakerWidth - 40),\n y: liquidLevel + Math.random() * (height - liquidLevel - 40),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5),\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5),\n type: 'solvent',\n radius: 3.5,\n targetX: solutionTargets[i].x,\n targetY: solutionTargets[i].y,\n });\n }\n \n for (let i = 0; i < numSolute; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n beaker: 'solution',\n x: solutionOffsetX + 20 + Math.random() * (beakerWidth - 40),\n y: liquidLevel + Math.random() * (height - liquidLevel - 40),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2,\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2,\n type: 'solute',\n radius: 5,\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649)\n for (let i = 0; i < numSolventParticles; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n beaker: 'pure',\n x: pureOffsetX + 20 + Math.random() * (beakerWidth - 40),\n y: liquidLevel + Math.random() * (height - liquidLevel - 40),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5),\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5),\n type: 'solvent',\n radius: 3.5,\n targetX: pureTargets[i].x,\n targetY: pureTargets[i].y,\n });\n }\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c\n function drawIceCrystal(ctx, x, y, size, opacity) {\n ctx.save();\n ctx.translate(x, y);\n ctx.strokeStyle = `rgba(200, 220, 255, ${opacity * 0.6})`;\n ctx.lineWidth = size \/ 5;\n for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {\n ctx.rotate(Math.PI \/ 3);\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(0, 0);\n ctx.lineTo(0, size);\n ctx.stroke();\n }\n ctx.restore();\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n function render() {\n const canvas = document.getElementById('fp-canvas');\n const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');\n if (!ctx) return;\n \n ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);\n \n const freezingPoints = calculateFreezingPoint();\n const isPureFreezing = state.temperature <= freezingPoints.pure;\n const isSolutionFreezing = state.temperature <= freezingPoints.solution;\n \n const pureFreezeFactor = isPureFreezing ? Math.min(1, (freezingPoints.pure - state.temperature) \/ 5) : 0;\n const solutionFreezeFactor = isSolutionFreezing ? Math.min(1, (freezingPoints.solution - state.temperature) \/ 5) : 0;\n const selectedSolute = SOLUTES[state.soluteType];\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0642\n const drawBeaker = (offsetX, freezeFactor) => {\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#9ca3af';\n ctx.lineWidth = 3;\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(offsetX + 10, 50);\n ctx.lineTo(offsetX + 10, height - 40);\n ctx.quadraticCurveTo(offsetX + beakerWidth \/ 2, height - 20, offsetX + beakerWidth - 10, height - 40);\n ctx.lineTo(offsetX + beakerWidth - 10, 50);\n ctx.stroke();\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\n ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(56, 189, 248, ${0.2 * (1 - freezeFactor)})`;\n ctx.fillRect(offsetX + 12, liquidLevel, beakerWidth - 24, height - liquidLevel - 30);\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c\n ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(200, 220, 255, ${0.3 * freezeFactor})`;\n ctx.fillRect(offsetX + 12, liquidLevel, beakerWidth - 24, height - liquidLevel - 30);\n \n if (freezeFactor > 0.1) {\n for (let i = 0; i < freezeFactor * 10; i++) {\n drawIceCrystal(ctx, offsetX + Math.random() * beakerWidth, liquidLevel + Math.random() * (height - liquidLevel - 40), 10 + Math.random() * 15, freezeFactor);\n }\n }\n };\n \n drawBeaker(0, solutionFreezeFactor);\n drawBeaker(width - beakerWidth, pureFreezeFactor);\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n state.particles.forEach(p => {\n const beakerOffset = p.beaker === 'solution' ? 0 : width - beakerWidth;\n const freezeFactor = p.beaker === 'solution' ? solutionFreezeFactor : pureFreezeFactor;\n const speedMultiplier = Math.max(0.1, 1 - freezeFactor);\n \n if (freezeFactor > 0 && p.type === 'solvent') {\n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\n p.vx += (p.targetX - p.x) * 0.05 * freezeFactor;\n p.vy += (p.targetY - p.y) * 0.05 * freezeFactor;\n \/\/ \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\n p.vx += (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2;\n p.vy += (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2;\n } else {\n p.vx += (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2;\n p.vy += (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2;\n }\n \n p.x += p.vx * speedMultiplier;\n p.y += p.vy * speedMultiplier;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\n const leftWall = beakerOffset + 15;\n const rightWall = beakerOffset + beakerWidth - 15;\n if (p.x < leftWall || p.x > rightWall) {\n p.vx *= -1;\n p.x = Math.max(leftWall, Math.min(p.x, rightWall));\n }\n if (p.y > height - 45 || p.y < liquidLevel) {\n p.vy *= -1;\n p.y = Math.max(liquidLevel, Math.min(p.y, height - 45));\n }\n \n p.vx *= 0.9;\n p.vy *= 0.9;\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\n ctx.beginPath();\n if (p.type === 'solute') {\n ctx.fillStyle = selectedSolute.color;\n } else {\n ctx.fillStyle = '#38bdf8';\n }\n \n ctx.globalAlpha = 1 - freezeFactor * 0.5;\n ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, p.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\n ctx.fill();\n ctx.globalAlpha = 1;\n });\n \n updateUI();\n state.animationId = requestAnimationFrame(render);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\n function setupControls() {\n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\n const temperatureSlider = document.getElementById('fp-temperature-slider');\n temperatureSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.temperature = Number(temperatureSlider.value);\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const soluteConcSlider = document.getElementById('fp-solute-conc');\n soluteConcSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.soluteConcentration = Number(soluteConcSlider.value);\n initializeParticles();\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n document.querySelectorAll('#fp-solute-buttons button').forEach(button => {\n button.addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.soluteType = button.dataset.key;\n initializeParticles();\n });\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\n document.getElementById('fp-reset-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.temperature = 10;\n state.soluteConcentration = 2;\n state.soluteType = 'sucrose';\n \n temperatureSlider.value = state.temperature;\n soluteConcSlider.value = state.soluteConcentration;\n \n initializeParticles();\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n initializeParticles();\n setupControls();\n render();\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\n return () => {\n if (state.animationId) {\n cancelAnimationFrame(state.animationId);\n }\n };\n })();\n \n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 3. \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('vapor-pressure-lowering-graph');\n if (!container) return;\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"not-prose my-8 p-4 sm:p-6 bg-black\/20 rounded-lg border border-white\/10 flex flex-col items-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold mb-2 text-center text-white\/90\">\n \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\n <\/h3>\n <svg id=\"vp-graph-svg\" width=\"100%\" height=\"350\" viewBox=\"0 0 450 350\"><\/svg>\n <div class=\"flex justify-center gap-6 mt-4\">\n <div class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n <div class=\"w-4 h-1 bg-[#60a5fa]\"><\/div>\n <span class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n <div class=\"w-4 h-1 bg-[#f97316]\"><\/div>\n <span class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"w-full max-w-sm mt-4\">\n <label for=\"vp-concentration-slider\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\n \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n <\/label>\n <input id=\"vp-concentration-slider\" type=\"range\" min=\"0.0\" max=\"0.2\" step=\"0.01\" value=\"0.1\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-orange-400\" \/>\n <div class=\"flex justify-between mt-1 text-xs text-slate-400\">\n <span>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/span>\n <span>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-4 text-sm text-center text-slate-400 p-3 bg-slate-800\/40 rounded-md\">\n \u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n `;\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n let state = {\n soluteConcentration: 0.1\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\n const width = 450;\n const height = 350;\n const padding = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 50, left: 60 };\n const chartWidth = width - padding.left - padding.right;\n const chartHeight = height - padding.top - padding.bottom;\n \n const minTemp = 20;\n const maxTemp = 120;\n const maxPressure = 2.5;\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0633-\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\n const A = 965000;\n const B = 5143;\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\n function getVaporPressure(tempC) {\n const tempK = tempC + 273.15;\n return A * Math.exp(-B \/ tempK);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a\n function getX(temp) {\n return padding.left + ((temp - minTemp) \/ (maxTemp - minTemp)) * chartWidth;\n }\n \n function getY(pressure) {\n return padding.top + chartHeight - (pressure \/ maxPressure) * chartHeight;\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649\n function createCurvePath(solventMoleFraction = 1) {\n let path = '';\n for (let t = minTemp; t <= maxTemp; t++) {\n const solventPressure = getVaporPressure(t);\n const solutionPressure = solventPressure * solventMoleFraction;\n const x = getX(t);\n const y = getY(solutionPressure);\n \n if (t === minTemp) {\n path += `M ${x.toFixed(2)} ${y.toFixed(2)}`;\n } else {\n path += ` L ${x.toFixed(2)} ${y.toFixed(2)}`;\n }\n }\n return path;\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\n function renderGraph() {\n const svg = document.getElementById('vp-graph-svg');\n svg.innerHTML = '';\n \n const solventMoleFraction = 1 - state.soluteConcentration;\n const solventPath = createCurvePath(1);\n const solutionPath = createCurvePath(solventMoleFraction);\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\n const axes = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'g');\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 X\n const xAxis = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'line');\n xAxis.setAttribute('x1', padding.left);\n xAxis.setAttribute('y1', padding.top + chartHeight);\n xAxis.setAttribute('x2', width - padding.right);\n xAxis.setAttribute('y2', padding.top + chartHeight);\n xAxis.setAttribute('stroke', '#6b7280');\n xAxis.setAttribute('stroke-width', '2');\n axes.appendChild(xAxis);\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 Y\n const yAxis = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'line');\n yAxis.setAttribute('x1', padding.left);\n yAxis.setAttribute('y1', padding.top + chartHeight);\n yAxis.setAttribute('x2', padding.left);\n yAxis.setAttribute('y2', padding.top);\n yAxis.setAttribute('stroke', '#6b7280');\n yAxis.setAttribute('stroke-width', '2');\n axes.appendChild(yAxis);\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\n const xLabel = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'text');\n xLabel.setAttribute('x', width \/ 2);\n xLabel.setAttribute('y', height - 10);\n xLabel.setAttribute('fill', '#9ca3af');\n xLabel.setAttribute('text-anchor', 'middle');\n xLabel.setAttribute('font-size', '12');\n xLabel.textContent = '\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u00b0C)';\n axes.appendChild(xLabel);\n \n const yLabel = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'text');\n yLabel.setAttribute('x', padding.left - 45);\n yLabel.setAttribute('y', height \/ 2);\n yLabel.setAttribute('fill', '#9ca3af');\n yLabel.setAttribute('text-anchor', 'middle');\n yLabel.setAttribute('transform', `rotate(-90, ${padding.left - 45}, ${height\/2})`);\n yLabel.setAttribute('font-size', '12');\n yLabel.textContent = '\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a (atm)';\n axes.appendChild(yLabel);\n \n \/\/ \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\n [0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0].forEach(p => {\n const gridLine = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'line');\n gridLine.setAttribute('x1', padding.left);\n gridLine.setAttribute('y1', getY(p));\n gridLine.setAttribute('x2', width - padding.right);\n gridLine.setAttribute('y2', getY(p));\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke', '#475569');\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke-width', '0.5');\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke-dasharray', '4');\n axes.appendChild(gridLine);\n \n const label = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'text');\n label.setAttribute('x', padding.left - 8);\n label.setAttribute('y', getY(p) + 4);\n label.setAttribute('fill', '#9ca3af');\n label.setAttribute('text-anchor', 'end');\n label.setAttribute('font-size', '10');\n label.textContent = p.toFixed(1);\n axes.appendChild(label);\n });\n \n [20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120].forEach(t => {\n const gridLine = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'line');\n gridLine.setAttribute('x1', getX(t));\n gridLine.setAttribute('y1', padding.top);\n gridLine.setAttribute('x2', getX(t));\n gridLine.setAttribute('y2', padding.top + chartHeight);\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke', '#475569');\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke-width', '0.5');\n gridLine.setAttribute('stroke-dasharray', '4');\n axes.appendChild(gridLine);\n \n const label = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'text');\n label.setAttribute('x', getX(t));\n label.setAttribute('y', padding.top + chartHeight + 15);\n label.setAttribute('fill', '#9ca3af');\n label.setAttribute('text-anchor', 'middle');\n label.setAttribute('font-size', '10');\n label.textContent = t.toString();\n axes.appendChild(label);\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\n const solventCurve = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'path');\n solventCurve.setAttribute('d', solventPath);\n solventCurve.setAttribute('fill', 'none');\n solventCurve.setAttribute('stroke', '#60a5fa');\n solventCurve.setAttribute('stroke-width', '3');\n axes.appendChild(solventCurve);\n \n const solutionCurve = document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg', 'path');\n solutionCurve.setAttribute('d', solutionPath);\n solutionCurve.setAttribute('fill', 'none');\n solutionCurve.setAttribute('stroke', '#f97316');\n solutionCurve.setAttribute('stroke-width', '3');\n solutionCurve.setAttribute('class', 'transition-all duration-300');\n axes.appendChild(solutionCurve);\n \n svg.appendChild(axes);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\n function setupControls() {\n const concentrationSlider = document.getElementById('vp-concentration-slider');\n concentrationSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.soluteConcentration = parseFloat(concentrationSlider.value);\n renderGraph();\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n renderGraph();\n setupControls();\n })();\n \n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 4. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('boiling-point-constants-table');\n if (!container) return;\n \n const tableData = [\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621', boilingPoint: 100.0, kb: 0.512 },\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644', boilingPoint: 78.4, kb: 1.22 },\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646', boilingPoint: 80.1, kb: 2.53 },\n { solvent: '\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0643', boilingPoint: 118.1, kb: 3.07 },\n { solvent: '\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646', boilingPoint: 76.8, kb: 5.03 }\n ];\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n <table class=\"lesson-table\">\n <thead class=\"bg-white\/10 text-xs text-slate-200 uppercase tracking-wider\">\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u00b0C)<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 (K_b) (\u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol)<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n ${tableData.map(row => `\n <tr class=\"border-b border-white\/10 hover:bg-white\/5\">\n <th scope=\"row\" class=\"px-6 py-4 font-bold text-white\/90 whitespace-nowrap\">\n ${row.solvent}\n <\/th>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono\">${row.boilingPoint.toFixed(1)}<\/td>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono\">${row.kb.toFixed(3)}<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n `).join('')}\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-4 text-xs text-center text-slate-400\">\n \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 (K_b) \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628.\n <\/p>\n `;\n })();\n \n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 5. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('freezing-point-constants-table');\n if (!container) return;\n \n const tableData = [\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621', freezingPoint: 0.0, kf: 1.86 },\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644', freezingPoint: -114.6, kf: 1.99 },\n { solvent: '\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646', freezingPoint: 5.5, kf: 5.12 },\n { solvent: '\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0643', freezingPoint: 16.6, kf: 3.90 },\n { solvent: '\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646', freezingPoint: -22.9, kf: 29.8 }\n ];\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"overflow-x-auto\">\n <table class=\"lesson-table\">\n <thead class=\"bg-white\/10 text-xs text-slate-200 uppercase tracking-wider\">\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f (\u00b0C)<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\" class=\"px-6 py-3\">\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 (K_f) (\u00b0C\u00b7kg\/mol)<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n ${tableData.map(row => `\n <tr class=\"border-b border-white\/10 hover:bg-white\/5\">\n <th scope=\"row\" class=\"px-6 py-4 font-bold text-white\/90 whitespace-nowrap\">\n ${row.solvent}\n <\/th>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono\">${row.freezingPoint.toFixed(1)}<\/td>\n <td class=\"px-6 py-4 font-mono\">${row.kf.toFixed(2)}<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n `).join('')}\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-4 text-xs text-center text-slate-400\">\n \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 (K_f) \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628.\n <\/p>\n `;\n })();\n \n \/\/ ============================================\n \/\/ 6. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\n \/\/ ============================================\n (function() {\n const container = document.getElementById('osmosis-simulation');\n if (!container) return;\n \n container.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"not-prose my-8 p-4 sm:p-6 bg-black\/20 rounded-lg border border-white\/10\">\n <div class=\"flex justify-between items-center mb-2\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-white\/90\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a<\/h3>\n <button id=\"osmosis-reset-btn\" class=\"p-2 rounded-full hover:bg-white\/10\" aria-label=\"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\">\u27f3<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flex flex-col items-center\">\n <canvas id=\"osmosis-canvas\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" class=\"rounded-md bg-slate-900\/50 max-w-full\"><\/canvas>\n <div class=\"flex justify-center gap-4 mt-2\">\n <div class=\"flex items-center gap-2\"><div class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#60a5fa]\"><\/div><span class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 (\u0645\u0627\u0621)<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"flex items-center gap-2\"><div class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#f97316]\"><\/div><span class=\"text-sm text-slate-300\">\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mt-4 border-t border-white\/10 pt-4\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"osmosis-concentration-slider\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\n \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a)\n <\/label>\n <input id=\"osmosis-concentration-slider\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"10\" step=\"1\" value=\"4\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-orange-400\" \/>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label for=\"osmosis-pressure-slider\" class=\"font-semibold mb-2 text-slate-300 text-center block\">\n \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644)\n <\/label>\n <input id=\"osmosis-pressure-slider\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"20\" step=\"1\" value=\"0\" class=\"w-full h-2 bg-slate-700 rounded-lg appearance-none cursor-pointer accent-teal-500\" \/>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"mt-4 text-sm text-center text-slate-400 p-3 bg-slate-800\/40 rounded-md\">\n \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629).\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n `;\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n let state = {\n soluteConcentration: 4,\n appliedPressure: 0,\n particles: [],\n animationId: null\n };\n \n \/\/ \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n const width = 300;\n const height = 220;\n const armWidth = 100;\n const bottomThickness = 30;\n const membraneWidth = 8;\n const membraneX = width \/ 2;\n const leftArmX = (width \/ 2) - (armWidth) - membraneWidth \/ 2;\n const rightArmX = (width \/ 2) + membraneWidth \/ 2;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n function initializeParticles() {\n state.particles = [];\n let idCounter = 0;\n \n \/\/ \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631 (\u0646\u0642\u064a)\n for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n type: 'solvent',\n x: leftArmX + Math.random() * armWidth,\n y: height \/ 2 + Math.random() * (height \/ 2 - bottomThickness),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.5,\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.5,\n radius: 3.5,\n color: '#60a5fa'\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644)\n for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: idCounter++,\n type: 'solvent',\n x: rightArmX + Math.random() * armWidth,\n y: height \/ 2 + Math.random() * (height \/ 2 - bottomThickness),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.5,\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.5,\n radius: 3.5,\n color: '#60a5fa'\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const numSolute = state.soluteConcentration * 3;\n for (let i = 0; i < numSolute; i++) {\n state.particles.push({\n id: 1000 + i,\n type: 'solute',\n x: rightArmX + Math.random() * armWidth,\n y: height \/ 2 + Math.random() * (height \/ 2 - bottomThickness),\n vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2,\n vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2,\n radius: 5,\n color: '#f97316'\n });\n }\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n function render() {\n const canvas = document.getElementById('osmosis-canvas');\n const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');\n if (!ctx) return;\n \n const osmoticPressure = state.soluteConcentration * 2;\n const netPressure = osmoticPressure - state.appliedPressure;\n const targetHeightDiff = Math.max(-60, Math.min(60, netPressure * 3));\n \n \/\/ \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629)\n if (!state.currentHeightDiff) state.currentHeightDiff = 0;\n state.currentHeightDiff += (targetHeightDiff - state.currentHeightDiff) * 0.05;\n \n const leftLevel = height \/ 2 + state.currentHeightDiff \/ 2;\n const rightLevel = height \/ 2 - state.currentHeightDiff \/ 2;\n \n ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#9ca3af';\n ctx.lineWidth = 3;\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(leftArmX, 0);\n ctx.lineTo(leftArmX, height - bottomThickness);\n ctx.arcTo(leftArmX, height, leftArmX + bottomThickness, height, bottomThickness);\n ctx.lineTo(rightArmX + armWidth - bottomThickness, height);\n ctx.arcTo(rightArmX + armWidth, height, rightArmX + armWidth, height - bottomThickness, bottomThickness);\n ctx.lineTo(rightArmX + armWidth, 0);\n ctx.moveTo(leftArmX + armWidth, 0);\n ctx.lineTo(leftArmX + armWidth, height);\n ctx.stroke();\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\n const drawLiquid = (levelY, startX, armW) => {\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(startX, levelY);\n ctx.lineTo(startX, height - bottomThickness);\n ctx.arcTo(startX, height, startX + bottomThickness, height, bottomThickness);\n ctx.lineTo(startX + armW - bottomThickness, height);\n ctx.arcTo(startX + armW, height, startX + armW, height - bottomThickness, bottomThickness);\n ctx.lineTo(startX + armW, levelY);\n ctx.closePath();\n ctx.fillStyle = \"rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4)\";\n ctx.fill();\n };\n \n drawLiquid(leftLevel, leftArmX, armWidth);\n drawLiquid(rightLevel, rightArmX, armWidth);\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621\n ctx.fillStyle = '#475569';\n ctx.fillRect(membraneX - membraneWidth \/ 2, 0, membraneWidth, height);\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\n state.particles.forEach(p => {\n p.x += p.vx;\n p.y += p.vy;\n \n const armStartX = p.x < membraneX ? leftArmX : rightArmX;\n const liquidLevel = p.x < membraneX ? leftLevel : rightLevel;\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\n if (p.x < armStartX + p.radius || p.x > armStartX + armWidth - p.radius) {\n p.vx *= -1;\n }\n if (p.y > height - p.radius) {\n p.y = height - p.radius;\n p.vy *= -1;\n }\n if (p.y < liquidLevel + p.radius) {\n p.y = liquidLevel + p.radius;\n p.vy *= -1;\n }\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637)\n if (p.x + p.radius > membraneX - membraneWidth \/ 2 && p.x - p.radius < membraneX + membraneWidth \/ 2) {\n if (p.type === 'solute') {\n p.vx *= -1;\n p.x = p.x < membraneX ? membraneX - membraneWidth \/ 2 - p.radius : membraneX + membraneWidth \/ 2 + p.radius;\n }\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, p.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\n ctx.fillStyle = p.color;\n ctx.fill();\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\n if (state.appliedPressure > 0) {\n const pressureIndicatorY = rightLevel - 10;\n ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)';\n ctx.fillRect(rightArmX, pressureIndicatorY, armWidth, 5);\n \n ctx.font = '10px Cairo';\n ctx.textAlign = 'center';\n ctx.fillText('\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642', rightArmX + armWidth \/ 2, pressureIndicatorY - 5);\n \n \/\/ \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\n for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {\n ctx.beginPath();\n ctx.moveTo(rightArmX + armWidth \/ 2 - 15 + i * 7.5, pressureIndicatorY - 2);\n ctx.lineTo(rightArmX + armWidth \/ 2, pressureIndicatorY - 10);\n ctx.lineTo(rightArmX + armWidth \/ 2 + 15 - i * 7.5, pressureIndicatorY - 2);\n ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.5)';\n ctx.lineWidth = 1;\n ctx.stroke();\n }\n }\n \n state.animationId = requestAnimationFrame(render);\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\n function setupControls() {\n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\n const concentrationSlider = document.getElementById('osmosis-concentration-slider');\n concentrationSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.soluteConcentration = Number(concentrationSlider.value);\n initializeParticles();\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\n const pressureSlider = document.getElementById('osmosis-pressure-slider');\n pressureSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {\n state.appliedPressure = Number(pressureSlider.value);\n });\n \n \/\/ \u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\n document.getElementById('osmosis-reset-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {\n state.soluteConcentration = 4;\n state.appliedPressure = 0;\n \n concentrationSlider.value = state.soluteConcentration;\n pressureSlider.value = state.appliedPressure;\n \n initializeParticles();\n });\n }\n \n \/\/ \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\n initializeParticles();\n setupControls();\n render();\n \n \/\/ \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\n return () => {\n if (state.animationId) {\n cancelAnimationFrame(state.animationId);\n }\n };\n })();\n \n console.log(\"\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d!\");\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 – \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Colligative Properties) \u0661. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Colligative Properties) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16974","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16975,"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16974\/revisions\/16975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartedujo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}